| Anthology is an important medium of literature transportation as well as an unusual morphology of literary critiques. There were so many anthologies of Fu in Qing Dynasty, the number of which is hard to calculate. There were collections of the same dynasty as well as those of different dynasties, or those focusing on archaism and on newly ruled Fu styles. The anthologies of focusing on Tang styles and Qing dynasty exam-sytle Fues are more than others in the newly ruled Fu ones. They are mainly collections of different dynasties and those focusing on archaism Fues which are concerned about Han Fu.There were many reasons or aims at selecting Fues. Firstly, all the imperial examinations had an exam of poetry and"Fu which were included by civil schools, patrol officials, as well as the exams in metropolis or Hanlin courts in Qing dynasty, so the Fu anthologies became teaching materials for many civil schools for bachelors had to create Fues. Secondly, it gradually became a way of making a living at the end of Ming dynasty for scholar traders. Certainly it was mainly affected by culture and education, or traditional systematic learning in Qing dynasty. On the background the government regarded as the Confucian school of idealist philosophy of the Song and Ming dynasties before, but regarded as the textual research in the period of Qianlong and Jiaqing emperors, and they were mutually flaming between Sinology and Song philosophy. All those including didacticism thoughts and utility style of study which dealt with concrete matters relating to work in early Qing dynasty affected the routine of anthologies to a certain extent in this period. Moreover the anthologies put up obvious characters by stages in annotation, dredging, comments and selecting. This is the summary of the first chapter and the general remark of characters by stages of the second chapter.Bounded by Qianlong and Jiaqing, the three Fu anthologies published in Kangxi emperor’s period are Fu Transcript of Different Dynasties, Fugues of Different Dynasties and Fu Modelles of Different Dynasties, all of which adopted some critiques and dots at the end and the first of the anthologies, or occasionally some clips of phonetic notation in the text, but basically it was the lack of textual verifying rather than interpretation and revealed structure that its critique was the same as the style or aesthetic appreciation. Three Fu anthologies have their own characteristics in the style of edition. Lu’s Fugues of Different Dynasties first lists three cases which are for stylistic classification, and in every case all the Fues were listed by the age, Broken both Fu and Sao’s concept also broken through the Wen-Fu’s category. At the same time the relationship between parallel and rulered newly sytle Fu and their origins were opened out and self-evident. The classification is very sharp for the rheology of Fu sytles which is more easily understood than the sytle concepts of so-called Han-Wen-Fu and Tang & Song Xinwen Fu which were named by some scholars later. Although Fu Modelles of Different Dynasties and Fu Transcript of Different Dynasties were selected articles in the order of time, they had their focus and styles of comments or dots. Wang Xiuyu’Fu Modelles of Different Dynasties mixed mainly some clips of tone annotation in text, and at the end of Fues attached some critiques and the soothing, meaning elucidation, which is concerned with the experience that "ups and downs in the Jing and history books for the 30 years" at the beginning of Qing dynasty. Zhao Weilie’s Fu Transcript of Different Dynasties has an author biography after the writers listed at the beginning of the first volume, and some interlinear notes attached Fues which reveal the structure and art of the text.Chen Yuanlong edited the Fu Collection of Almost All Dynasties in the 45th year of Kangxi’s reign, but accepted the works that only name "Fu". Moreover, it lacks textual verifying and annotation, so that there are some repetitions, spills and errors. After Qianlong and Jiaqing’s reign, the Fu anthologies through dynasties became much less. In this period there appeared Yan Kejun’s the Series Corpora of Full Ancient to Six Dynasties, which is the literature concourse before Tang dynasty, its Quan Hanwen and Quan Houhan-wen in this series contain more Han Fues, although it is a non-specifically Fu anthology, first lists each person’s as many as possible Fues, for style, also has the nature of "selected", so it is very important to save or spread Han Fu. Because of the nature of general collections, it is listed after the Fu Collection of Almost All Dynasties. In addition, in the early Qing dynasty the "poetic" work, Elegant Theories edited by Fei Jingyu and his son Fei Mi is related to both anthology and poetics, also involves Fu anthology and Fu theory, in which there are some extractive analysis about the style, tone, format and so on. It is rather fine for selecting of Fues as well as the review, comments, and unique analysis on rheological nature of Fues. In Qian-Jia period the Fu Anthologies of Seventy Scholars by Zhang Huiyan collected archaism Fues the before Liang and Song dynasties, which embodied the style influence on study of the traditional scholars focusing on textual research especially in annotations and comments, certainly including sometimes revealing meanings. This book reflects the concept of Zhang that Sao, Fu and Ode are the same, promoting attention on "WEN", "DAO" in Gu Fu (archaism Fu). Furthermore, there was a dominant view of literary criticism which embodies the compilers’trend to "emotional", "diction" and "spirit" in General notices, preface, epilogue or commentary of Fu anthologies in Qing dynasty. All those above are the essence from the third chapter to the eighth chapter.Fu theory and Fu in the Qing dynasty, in addition to specialized analects only edited Fu theory, were mostly spread and preserved by anthologies, regarding anthology forewords, epilogues, general notices, comments, and annotations or Fu theory appended, and their contributions indeed were no less than that of specifically Fu analects toward literature and systematic academic researches. Some Fu texts created by contemporary poets in Qing dynasty save, spread, and even reference the former generation classic literatures, actually by the anthologies and encyclopedia mostly. Thus in Qing dynasty the Fu anthologies were correlated to literature and academic researches, and it was seemingly just the relationship of Fu and literature or academic. Actually it was the relationship of Fu anthologies"and the both. Such contents and statistical tables annexed about main Fu anthologies printed or transcribed.In items the anthologies in Qing dynasty mostly made an attention to the similarities and differences between Fu and Sao, or the discrimination of Gu and Lu (Archaism and Newly ruled Fu Styles), from vast majority anthologies’general notices, preface, epilogue, commentary etc, there were the stylistic concept on integration of Gu and Lu, and the view that Fu and Sao (Qu Yuan’s) are consubstantial and they have the same original body. Research on the anthologies of Han Fu in the Qing dynasty was an important academic content on Fu researches, which is helpful for the researches on dispute over the origin of Fu style, the reference for Gu and Lu (Archaism and Newly Ruled Fu) styles, and research on the relationship of Gu Wen (Ancient Stylistic Prose) and Shi Wen (Present Style), etc in this period. |
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