Research On The Art Forms Of Shandong Three Yangkos

Shandong three Yangkos are long in history, distinctive in personality characteristics and consistent in general style, being the most representative and influential in Chinese folk dance. To be more specific, it refers to Shanghe Drum Yangko, Qingdao Jiaozhou Yangko and Yantai Haiyang Yangko, mainly spread in middle plain of Shandong and Qingdao, Yantai regions of Jiaodong Peninsula. Studying Shandong Yangko from angle of "Artistic Expression" is never pointed out directly and definitely in former researches. This article searches materials mainly by field investigation combined with literature and history materials. On basis of mastering first-hand current situation materials, the author combines theoretical discussion and case analysis, and adopt method of overall grasp and comprehensive research. Set Shandong three Yangkos s as object of investigation and research, difference of Shandong Yangko regions as entry point, and universality of Shandong Yangko as center. Although there is case analysis of "Three Yangkos s" artistic expression, it emphasizes on common character research of the survival and development of Shandong folk Yangko. What is solved at last is problem of interaction relationship between such Shandong folk dance and its rural society, villager life.This research studies artistic expression and cultural connotation of Shandong three Yangkos s from view of folk life.Chapter One describes history and reality background of Shandong folk Three Yangkos s, places artistic expression of Three Yangkos s into living environment, cultural background and life style, reveals interdependence between artistic expression of Three Yangkos s and living space. Natural ecological environment of Shandong Province is living foundation of Three Yangkos s. With change of human and culture history, Shandong Yangko kept essence of traditional dance and music culture. Rural society structure and production mode determine farming culture of Yangko, which expresses most earthy emotion concept in villager life, is essence spread in folk culture, and is expressed in agnation, festival custom, life etiquette, belief and taboo of villager groups. Thus, natural environment and regional culture determine artistic expression of Yangko, and life style and custom of villagers determine stage and space of Yangko.Chapter Two discusses under folk ceremony context, formation feature and play evolution and development of Shandong three Yangkos by investigation of Yangko dance and Yangko play. Influence of Yangko to rural traditional life style and social functions is even reflected by ceremony. Thus, seeing folk dance from ceremony can more deeply understand deep reason of cultural connotation and artistic expression and demonstrate function of Yangko in people’s life. Yangko in folk ceremony expresses practical function of spirit, not only in artistic characteristics. The key is the whole culture life they live in. there are multiple relations between Yangko and performance ceremony, inheritor and people. As local customs, three Yangkos can only exert its cultural function in folk ceremony and become symbol of symbolic significance in local society.Chapter Three carries out analysis of music and dance performance form of Shandong three Yangkos s. First, make overall discussion of performance feature of Three Yangkos s, verify role classification basis respectively, discuss feature of every role in Shandong three Yangkos s, and generally summarize performance style feature of three Yangkos s. Role is the carrier of Yangko art as well as the important research line that runs through every chapter of this article. Expression of three Yangkos dance and music can only be accomplished by role. Role image and personal character is the mainspring that drives dramatic action of Yangko. As the important constitution of Yangko art, role image roots from folk etiquette and custom and life-style of villagers. Role performance under different forms reflects relationship structure of folk society and ethical and moral rules. Dance and music performance is main content of role performance, discussion of role and performance feature mainly starts from traits of character role respectively, emphasizing important function their roles have to three Yangkos. Section Two starts from dance itself, by three elements of movement characteristics, dance techniques and prop use of three Yangkos, state and analyze dance form of Yangko roles. Section Three summarizes and discusses music expression of three Yangkos through investigation of three aspects, which are music classification and tune characteristics, accompany expression and vocal music expression, and selects cases of Yangko rhythm, rune and musical form to analyze. During analysis and research process of three Yangkos art ontology, integrate "current situation of dance and music" and "origin of music and dance" of three Yangkos, integrate and organize from different aspects, deeply study traditional component elements of Yangko performance like dance and music, discuss vital significance of music characteristics and dance essence of Shandong three Yangkos in inheriting Shandong music and dance culture. By deepen theoretical research of dance art ontology, analyze generative influence of current and future social development to folk Yangko. Dance and music performance of Shandong three Yangkos is representative of traditional artistic form, and also reflects expression means of folk culture. Both dance and music expression form in three Yangkos are art that people create to satisfy their life and spiritual demands. Theme and content of dance and music expression come from folk life and reflect spiritual demand and aesthetic needs of villagers.Chapter Four makes analysis and research to costume and prop characteristics of three Yangkos by field investigation, including three aspects of role performance characteristics of Yangko costume and prop, craft characteristics of costume and prop, and diversified development of costume and prop, demonstrates vital function of costume and prop in strengthening artistic expressive force of Yangko. Compared with dynamic performance form of Yangko, traditional component elements of Yangko art-costume and prop, express coexistence of life and art. Research of costume and prop of Yangko of this article analyzes role expression characteristics of costume and prop respectively by role classification, and discusses styling features and craft feature from aspects of costume and prop respectively as well. Color feature of costume and prop is component of its process feature, which plays great role in art expression of Yangko. Key of exploring and analyzing diversified expression of costume and prop is to find out the function of artistic form in Shandong three Yangkos cultural inherence. Research of costume and prop of Yangko is to comprehensively organize its artistic component elements to villager life, which is original ecological living soil. In concrete Yangko activity, investigate and inspect its social function, art characteristics and living situation comprehensively.Chapter Five discusses current situation of art survival and development of Shandong folk three Yangkos on basis of full discussion of artistic expression and cultural function of Shandong folk three Yangkos, trying to solve problem of dance artistic nature by research method of inter-discipline. First, analyze elements influencing inheritance and development of three Yangkos, reveal reason of art current situation of three Yangkos, including change of life style, guiding function of policy and spiritual demand of folk culture. Survival and development of Yangko is cultural expression form of relation between local customs and society. Inheritance of Yangko in folk does not depend on image display, text narration or dance spectrum, but oral teaching, seeing and hearing in specific time, space and environment. Second, by investigating inheritance current situation of Shandong three Yangkos art, especially development under social reform, including integration of multiple cultures, weakening of artistic connotation, and change of ideology etc. explore artistic mission and cultural value of traditional Yangko in current social background.Conclusion of this article points out that Shandong three Yangkos were originated and inherited in specific folk living environment. Its rich artistic expression inherits moral principles, belief and concept of villagers. It stands for deep connotation and implication of traditional culture, constructs and influences with people’s life. It is an existence of humanistic phenomenon, expressing overall process of life. On one hand, folk regional environment and humanistic background is basis of inheritance and development of Yangko. Folk aesthetic taste, belief and concept determine art form and artistic connotation of Yangko. Without specific folk environment and folk activity, even folk dance of inheritor loses its artistic vitality. On the other hand, Yangko is important expression of ideology, belief and concept, aesthetic psychology of villagers. It serves folk life, changes with life style of villagers, and expresses demand of villagers in traditional expression at different levels and in different ways. Traditional folk customs and aesthetic concept that Yangko expresses endow unique "culture context" to folk concept, whose deep cultural implication, rich ideology and unique value orientation realize functions of entertainment, aesthetics and education. Of course, development of Yangko also reflects change of folk traditional culture. In today of many folk art form and technique disappearing and culture changing, Yangko has not been eliminated from stage of rural seasonal entertainment, and is still important component of folk activities. Its strong expressing way and special token meet beautiful wishes of people for good luck, eliminating disaster and blessing. It’s important symbolic mark of folk life, and plays social functions of beautifying and expressing emotion.To solving resource protection, inheritance and development of Shandong Yangko, dependency between Yangko and people’s life must be faced up to. On basis of keeping Shandong regional feature and on premise of respecting universal rule of folk art inheritance, artistic expression of Shandong folk three Yangkos shall be strengthened, social aesthetic value of Yangko art shall be explored, for expanding practical function of Yangko in rural society. Will of folk dance protection is to keep its original folk custom, national character and regional character. Charm of inherence of folk Yangko is its skill. Essence of Yangko development is inherence of traditional culture. Development of Shandong three Yangkos in any social period cannot be at the cost of change of artistic feature, simplification of skill and recession of culture. Development of any kind of artistic expression shall not be at the cost of weakening if artistic connotation. Only by maintaining art expressive force of Shandong three Yangkos can it be material media of villagers’ emotion symbol, and continue in folk life, really playing the role of inheriting folk culture.