Study On A Phenomenon Of The Literators’ Alienation And The Change Of The Literary Expression In The Period Of Zhou,Qin And Han Dynasties

The literators’ alienation is a cultural phenomenon that literators inhabited freely on the margin of the mainstream cultural values, including both the behaviors and the spirit of the alienation. The main Stream cultural values refers to the consciousness of the "Shi" standard caused by the dominant power of the emperor and the royalty. The "Shi" standard is a core measurement of social values that measures one’s social position and value by whether one is official or is valued by the monarch.The behaviors of literators’ alienation refer to the literators’ evading actions against explicit utilitarian. And the spirit of literators’ alienation is an ideology among the literators who had rational transcendence spirit to try to avoid and go beyond the popular believes. The drive about the behaviors of literators’ alienation is the spirit of literators’ alienation, meanwhile the core connotation of this spirit is the need of the subjectivity of Chinese literators. The recluse culture in ancient China is a part of the literators’ alienation phenomenon.There are three parts in the thesis. The first part is a diachronic study about the evolution of the alienation phenomenon, with three chapters describe the characteristics of three stages: The first stage is the Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period in China, whose stage characteristic is that the subjectivity of bachelor Stratum(the major part is literator) was formed; The second is the period of the Qin dynasty to the time before Emperor Han-Wu,whose stage characteristic is that the literators explore the possibilities for the diversified values and the ways of literators’ alienation. The third is the period after Emperor Han-Wu, whose stage characteristic is that the life style of literators’ alienation were closely related to the development of the private land ownership and Confucian scholars’(literators of Han dynasty) pursuit of the realization of subjectivity, with the initial formation of private ownership of land and maturity of Autocratic Monarchy System in China. The way of the realization of the subjectivity of Chinese literators was lost after the development of political system of centralized despotism. Every generation of the literators who were distant with the thoughts of the political system had been looking for personal subjectivity. Before the dynasty of Tang,the progress of the society solved the four problems of the life style of the literators for the realization of the subjectivity inclusive of necessary material basis,the way of enterprising,entertainment and the reaction of the setbacks. The rural life style of the literators was formed as the way of the realization of the subjectivity. And the part of this article also sets forth an important idea that the essential feature of the rural life style of the literators is an alienation from the consciousness of "Shi" standard, illustrating the possibility of building the theory of literators’ alienation and a constituting system describing the rural life style of the literators in ancient China.The second part of this article specializes in the literary expression of the phenomenon of literators’ alienation in the period of Zhou, Qin and Han Dynasties. The change of the literary expression is simultaneous with the evolution processes of the literators’ alienation, as a part of the literators’ alienation. First, at the beginning of the second part of this article, the literature of literators’ alienation in the period of Zhou, Qin and Han Dynasties is defined as a literary genre and a trend of literature which is the short for the literature with spirits of alienation, and a kind of special generic literature created by those literators with strong subjectivity including poetry, odes, historiography and scholastic writing. And the literature of solitude is included. So far the literature of literators’ alienation has not been systematically studied as a literature genre. Secondly, chapter 4 is the research about the fable resources of the literature of the literators’ alienation. And chapter 5 to chapter 9 focus on the literature of literators’ alienation in the period of Zhou, Qin and Han Dynasties.The last part of this paper is conclusion, including two points: First, the cultural phenomenon of the literators’ alienation has been summarized as a whole. Secondly, it has been pointed out that the phenomenon of the literators’ alienation had influenced the tradiction of literator’s literature in strengthening the feature of observing Taoism in human values, the implicit nature of lyricism in the field of artistic expression and the feature of using "nature" as background and reference in the literary themes.The main academic purposes of this paper are in three: 1. There is a study on the phenomenon of the literators’ alienation at sources, showing up the commonality that the literators alienated the departmental consciousness of "Shi" standard in pursuit of the the subjectivity of the literators; 2. Make a different between normal subjects of alienation and the literators’ subjects of alienation after the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period, and point out explicitly that traditional recluse culture of ancient China is in fact the culture of alienation created by the literators with the subjectivity; 3. Describe the whole process of the literators’ Hermit Idea matured since the Eastern Jin Dynasty, which is as the guiding ideology in the pursuit of the the subjectivity of the literators, and investigate the direct effects on the development of the consist of the literators’ life style triggered by the need of the subjectivity of Chinese literators, and try to figure out the origin of Chinese landscape literature of the literators.