| Based on the particularity of "Orient", Lenin proposed nationality and colonies theory which combined the Marxist theory of proletarian revolution with realities in colonial and semi-colonial countries. On this basis, the Comintern put forward that the Chinese revolution was a national-democratic revolution against imperialism and feudalism from a strategic perspective, concerned on the status and role of peasants in revolution significantly from a strategic perspective, take the feudal landlordism as the dominant foundation of imperialism and feudalism survival in China, and accordingly, integrated revolution against imperialism and feudalism to land revolution inseparably. The Comintern’s statements was in line with Lenin’s ideological spirit, and related to a series of important theoretical issues of Chinese revolution,such as characters, tasks, objects, and etc, meet with the actual revolution of this type of oriental countries like China, and pointed out the strategic direction of the national democratic revolution for them to a certain extent.The Comintern advanced land revolution strategy by expropriating and distributing land to mobilizing farmers to participating revolution properly, however they incorrectly gave hope that Kuomintang could carry the strategy out. The implementations of the program imagined by the Comintern were mainly in three aspects:by promoting the KMT "Left-leaning" in changing its party program, by reforming a "worker-peasant party", which would carry out the "land revolution" strategic vision with carrying out radical or moderate land policy by the "Left-leaning" KMT. After the rupture of KMT-CPC cooperation, the Communist International turned to rely heavily on "revolutionary" KMT leftists and conceived that Wuhan National Government would Dominant confiscation and distribution of land estates, or the CPC would launch a "civilian" type’s direct struggle of the peasant masses with the support of the KMT leftists. Though the Expectations of promoting "land revolution" strategic vision by the KMT failed, it provided a negative experience for the establishment and implement of the CPC’s "Land Revolution" approach later, and laid essential theoretical basis.With the influence of Chinese tradition and the Communist International, Chinese Communist, to some extent, was aware of the importance of farmers’problems in China, but didn’t regard farmers as the center of revolutionary policy. There were still gaps with the Comintern in understanding of the important position of the peasants in the revolution. Moreover, the Chinese Communists did not approve of the Commintern’s practice of confiscation and distribution of land.With the advance of the peasant movements, the Chinese communist party had a deep recognition of the issue of farmers’land.They in theory, gradually realized that the key to the national revolution consisted in the peasants’problem, the center of which, however, was land issues, and thus gradually formed a consensus on the strategy of the "Agrarian Revolution". However, the Chinese communists were still controversial in the practice of the "Agrarian Revolution".Based on China’s national situation. Further exploration was still been required to solve the problem of farmers’land.In Very few areas during the Great Revolution, farmers spontaneously began to allocate the land of the landlords in hope of obtaining the favor of the National Government. The hope was consistent with the Comintern instructions, but soon was repressed by the reactionary warlords."Agrarian Revolution" was established as a general policy of the party since August7th Meeting.Associated with the "Armed Struggle","Agrarian Revolution" provided a broad exploration space for a new strategy. On the other hand, this strategy, in a sense, was an extension of the Comintern strategy, as the Comintern posed a considerable impact on the meeting. Before and after the August7th Meeting, in accordance with the instructions of the Comintern and the CPC Central Committee, over100armed insurrections were organized in cities but all were suppressed with heavy losses. These "urban riots" to achieve the path of the "Agrarian Revolution "was completely unworkable. Mao Zedong settled in JINGGang Mountain after the failure of the Autumn Harvest Uprising. basing"Agrarian Revolution" on rural revolutionary bases, finding the supporting ground for continuous Agrarian Revolution. Since then, the Communists represented by Mao Zedong combining the Chinese revolution, constantly improved the policy of the Agrarian Revolution. A correct line of Agrarian Revolution was formed, creating a road of Chinese-style "Agrarian Revolution".Under the firm leadership of the Communist Party,with the protection of the workers and peasants armed forces, with the rural areas as the base and work focus,this road aimed to mobilize farmers to carry out the revolutionary of confiscation and distribution of land from landlords so as to ultimately change the feudal ownership of land.This road formed a Positive interaction cycle among the Agrarian Revolution, armed struggle,establishment of base---a Trinity. Without armed struggle, without the rural guerrilla warfare, without the rural revolutionary base areas, the confiscation and redistribution of land was out of the question.There is no denying that the Comintern had some brilliant exposition on the Chinese Agrarian Revolution strategy which has played a certain positive role. However, the Comintern did not find the of practical path and policies to solve China’s issue.By creating this trinity of "Agrarian Revolution",the Communist party of China completed the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal strategic goals the communist international had proposed,but the way was quite far from that from Comintern despite some parallels. This Chinese-style "Agrarian Revolution"truly met the needs of China’s national conditions and revolutionary realities, and was the real solution to the farmers’land problem, forming a strategy of encircling the cities with rural areas. No doubt, the Chinese Communists represented by Mao Zedong applied the basic principles of Marxism to the Chinese revolution, formulating correct line, principles and policies guiding Chinese revolution, which proved a successful experience of Chinese Application of Marxism. |
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