Research On Lenin’s Theory Of The Land Issues

The land has a special significance to farmers. Ownership, operation, the form of possession in the land, and the farmers utility conditions are closely coordination with farmers’ production and survival. If the land ownership in the hands of the landlords, the bourgeoisie and other exploiting classes, the land will become their ownership of the political and economic power foundation. These privileges also become the means of exploitation and enslavement of the working people. So these land issues are one of the major problems need to be resolved in the proletariat’s revolutionary movement.In the capitalist system, the capitalist class relied on the ownership of land to exploitation and oppression of the working class, as Marx said:"enormous power generated by the ownership of land what combination of industrial capital in the hands of one person, can actually lead industrial capital to cancel the workers’ shelter whose struggle for the wage. In this system, some people require other people to tribute, as the latter live on Earth’s cost. Because the privilege class has many rights contained the ownership of the land, the ownership of the resource under the earth, the ownership of the air, and control other people’s rights of existence and development." Looking from social development, the landlord possession of the land is not conducive to the development of capitalism, because the landlord’s feudal land ownership is not conducive to the development of the commodity economy, neither conducive to the formation of the accumulation of capital and the market. In the "Communist Manifesto", Marx and Engels first advance the problem that after the victory of the revolution, the proletariat must be "deprived of real estate to rent for national spending", and also the problem of the nationalization of land, and pointed out that "large number farmers who are private ownership of the land should promote private ownership of land to collective ownership transition, so that the farmers themselves through the economy channel to achieve this transition, could not take measures to offend farmers." In other words, this land nationalization does not apply to all countries. In the works of "the issue of farmers in France and Germany" Engels pointed out that the treatment of the different approaches of the various classes in the rural, especially for large real estate deprivation, after deprive brought one problem that the deprived land is state-owned or allocated to farmers, this problem resolved depending on the specific circumstances. These ideas of Marx and Engels on land ownership became main source of Lenin’s idea of the land issue.Lenin according to the basic principles of the Marxist theory of land issues, combined with the Russian revolution and the construction practice, victory solve the complex land issues in Russia. Land reform what abolition of serfdom in1861was an important turning point in Russian history, since then, the Russian economy is gradually embarked on the road of the development of capitalism. By the end of1900, Lenin in abroad and founded abroad "Mars newspaper", and the initial debate on the land issue in Russia is in this newspaper. Until1907, in the works of "the Social Democratic Party’s land program under the first Russian revolution in1905-1907", Lenin comprehensive analysis of the substance and economic basis of land reform in Russia, and pointed out that the basis of liberal bourgeois’ land program is advocate to save landlords economic and save the landlord the privilege. Lenin also specific analysis variety perspectives on the land issue in the Party of Social Democrats, and pointed out their’ process and errors, as well as their’ viewpoints and essence. He think that in the bourgeois state to elimination serfdom there have two roads:one is let "feudal landlords economy slowly change into bourgeois economic and cause farmers poverty and become working class, they must use violence to maintain their poverty level of life, at the same time differentiation of a handful of rich peasants." Gang landlords Minister Stolypin is to take this road. Another road is "American capitalist path of development", it requires the use of violence to destroy the old land tenure, establish a real farmer economy, break the land ownership in medieval, and eradicate all the privilege on the land. From the economic point of view, it is necessary to implement the land nationalization, abolition the private ownership of the land, and nationalization of all the land.Lenin’s ideology of the land nationalization has withstood the test of practice, in line with the wishes of the farmers, after the victory of the workers uprising in Petrograd, October25th,1917, Russian hold a meeting of "All-Russian Soviet of Workers’ and Soldiers’ Deputies Second Congress", and passed the famous land Act, this Act has major significance to eliminate Russia landlords ownership of the land, it is consistent with the aspirations and demands of the Russian peasants. The private ownership of land in Russia was completely abolished, all original land belong to the church, royal, temple and landlords become of the whole people, according with the law, the confiscation of land all free of charge to entire labor to utility. Since then, the Soviet Union have announced a number of decrees on land, such as "the Basic Law of the land socialization","socialist re-zoning and transition to the socialist agricultural practices Ordinance","labor Land Use Code", etc. These laws announced were further promotes the implement of the land nationalization.Lenin’s thought of the land issue is continuous development and perfect in the Russian’s revolution and construction process, his claims on the settlement of the problem of farmers’ land, and the Russian Communists in resolving the land issue in Russia’s land legislation and a series of policies and measures had significant impact on our country’s land reform. Several generations of collective leadership in our country had inherited Lenin’s essence thought of the land issue, combined with China’s actual and innovative it, which adapt to the development of China’s rural economy. Therefore, the research method of this dissertation is that from the Historical Survey about Lenin’s thought on land issues, combined with the theories of Marx and Engels’ land issue, and analyze Lenin’s thought sources and core content, and based on the practice of the development of this ideas of Marxism land issues thinking. Make a brief comment on each stage of this thought, analysis on the pros and cons of its theory and practice to provide theoretical and practical experience of enlightenment for solution of this problem to our country. Based on this, this dissertation mainly composed of four parts:the first part is the first chapter, this part mainly analysis of Lenin’s theory origins and development stage on the land issues. The second part is the second chapter, this part mainly summarize the core content of Lenin’s thought on the land issues. The third part is divided into chapters Ⅲ and Ⅳ, this part mainly research on Soviet Union latter leadership’s land policy and how to inherit Lenin’s thought on this issue, which can provide practical value for effectively solve this problem in our country. The fourth part is the appendix, which collate and analyze the mainly content of Lenin’s "land issue notes".Through the several parts of the dissertation, we can found that Lenin’s land issue thought has an important historical position in the Marxist theory of land issues and the history of the development of Marxism. On the basis of inheritance and development of Marx and Engels land issues, Lenin constructed a system of thought of his own land issues, combined with the practical experience of the Soviet Union’s revolution and construction, his theory about the land issue to explore in each historical period has relative correctness and rationality, with the development of practice, his ideology also constantly modified in practice, so as to continuously develop and perfect. His theoretical system also has great enlightening significance to the building socialism with Chinese characteristics and the construction of a new socialist countryside.