| As one of the countries that suffer from the most serious threats of secessionism, China has been facing severe challenges from secessionism of Xinjiang, Tibet and Taiwan. Anti-Secessionism is thus the most urgent political task in China. It is about the integrity of Chinese sovereignty and territory, the overall cause of national stability, and the achievement of China’s peaceful development strategy. So the building of theory on anti-secessionism is of vital theoretic and practical values. However, it should be admitted that on the one hand there has not been a clear anti-secessionism theory in the framework of Marxism. And on the other hand, the other two socialist countries besides China who had ever fought against secessionism, Soviet Union and Yugoslavia, had both ended failure, which means all we could learn from is lessons from failure, instead of successful experience. Based on these factors, China’s anti-secessionism theory should be built mainly on its own experience and the former failure lessons. This dissertation discussed this theory-building question on the bases of experience of anti-Xinjiang secessionism practices.An obvious missing out in anti-Xinjiang Secessionist struggles would be the ignorance of research on the developing process of Xinjiang secessionism. The lack of a systematic and deep study on the reform and development of its thoughts, proposes, behaviors, and strategies and the influencing factors during this historic process has been negatively affecting our understanding of the security situation in Xinjiang.There has been over one century since the beginning of Xinjiang secessionism. According to this research, its formation and development history could be roughly divided into four periods:(1) from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century is the germination period of Xinjiang secessionism, with Pan-Turkism and Pan-Islamism having critical affects. (2) 30’s to 40’s of the 20th century saw the maturation period of Xinjiang secessionism, during which period its thoughts and practices were getting mature and clear political secessionist appeals, with the forms of two "republics", had been brought out. (3) 50’s to 70’s of the 20th century is the period of stagnation when secessionist movements endured a remarkable slowing-down. And (4) since the 80’s of the 20th century is the fast developing period, which witnessed not only the blooming of Xinjiang’s economy, but also of its secessionism.For years, Xinjiang secessionism has had a wavy developing and never truly stopped. China has never achieved a decisive victory but instead suffered more and more serious secessionist threats. Riot on 7th of May 2009 and other similar events have implied anti-Xinjiang secessionism had entered into a new period and the secessionism threats we are facing this time are unprecedentedly serious. The core question this analysis is trying to answer is why the 30 years since reform and opening up is the period of time both Xinjiang economy and Xinjiang secessionism have enjoyed the fastest growth in history. In another word, it is why economic development could not contain the development of secessionism. The answer to this question is not only a necessary component of anti-secessionism theory, but also quite valuable to the leapfrog development and long-term stability and order in Xinjiang.This dissertation argues that great achievements have been made in anti-Xinjiang secessionism work during the last 30 years, the national integrity and the ethnic unity and amity have been promoted, the overall cause of development and stability of Xinjiang has been maintain. However, there still exists some questions worthy reflection:firstly, the ignorance of the long existed historic and cultural basis of Xinjiang secessionism; secondly, the insufficient assessment on outer factors; and thirdly, failure on effectively handling with the relationship between development and stability. Due to the length limitation, this dissertation mainly focuses on the negative affects of disorder between development and stability on the anti-Xinjiang secessionism work since reform and opening up, analyzes systematically on theory and practice, and ends with some policy recommendations on anti-secessionist work and the promotion of Xinjiang New Strategy.The disorder between development and stability in Xinjiang could be interpreted as that the imbalanced development has strongly influenced regional stability. The most direct representation of this disorder would be the enlarging gaps among nationalities. Xinjiang economy has enjoyed a burgeon since reform and opening up, however, Xinjiang is also facing enlarging gaps not only exist not only between Xinjiang and inner China, but also within itself:gaps among different regions, rural and urban areas, sectors or careers, and groups. These gaps clearly represent in incomes differences among members from different nationalities, especially between Han and minorities (especially Uyghur). Against the background within which ethnic borderlines are strengthening, these gaps would no doubt enlarge and deepen the conflicts among nationalities, stimulate the spread of secessionism, and ultimately affect the anti-secessionism work.This dissertation argues that the imbalanced development, mainly the enlarging group-gaps, arose from, instead of the systematic factors, the combine effects from a series of factors:history, geography, reforms in economic structures, etc.. The deeper reason of why Xinjiang minorities (mainly Uyghur) have been left in a weaker position in development would be they are lack of achievements on participating and sharing the developments. Subjectively, minorities truly have not been given sufficient opportunities, while at the same time, there are also objective factors, such as the lacking of necessary participating capabilities. This is also the key point of the disorder between development and stability in Xinjiang during the past 30 years.The Xinjiang Work Seminar in May 2010 is an important conference held within the new context, that Xinjiang is facing new important opportunity and challenge to its development and stability. In this conference a new and urgent strategic task, which is promoting the leapfrog development and long-term stability and order, has been proposed. This dissertation argues that the core of this Xinjiang New Strategy would be to handle properly the relationship between development and stability. In this realm, anti-Xinjiang secessionism in this new era should focus on these following aspects:Firstly, firmly fighting again secessionism, protecting the stability in Xinjiang. National secessionism would be the main threat to the stability in Xinjiang at present and also for a long time. Thus, we should enhance our capability of anti-secessionism struggles, implement a comprehensive treatment toward secessionism. This is the prerequisite and fundamental guarantee for the long-term stability and order in Xinjiang.Secondly, promoting the coordinated development in Xinjiang. To achieve the leapfrog development in Xinjiang requires promoting the coordinated development according with the Scientific Outlook on Development in prior. We must make sure that the aim and outcome of all our work is to expand the wellbeing of all people. We should also pay attention on justice during development and enhancing minority members’ participation capability.Thirdly, enforcing the construction of cultural identity, building civilian country. For long time, we have thought highly of the battles with secession-terrorist movements, however ignored those in the cultural realm. Cultural isolation has been strengthening between Han and Uyghur since 1979, that the role and influence of Han cultural (which is the main national culture) have been weakened. This is the most critical domestic factor of the fast development of secessionism. Thus, all the following should be important tasks in our recent anti-secessionist work:constructing the advanced socialist culture, promoting the cultural interactions among nationalists, expediting the process of integrating the national culture into ethnic region and identity building. |
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