Research On Feature Model Of The Elite Canoe Sprint Athletes’ Competitive Ability

As a fundamental event in Summer Olympics Games there are 12 gold medals in the Canoe Sprint. The Chinese National Canoeing team, compared with the traditional European teams, is still in lower level. Referring to result in the 2004 and 2008 Olympic Games, the Chinese national canoeing team won 2 gold medals totally, with the coaching team leading by the foreign coach Mark. From then on, the performance of the team showed a declining trend, which meant that the Chinese canoeing training system was not yet built up. The domestic research methods on characteristics of athletes’ competitive ability, have the advantages of multi-dimensional, multi-layer, multi-category, which are significant to comprehend the training rules in a systematic way, while they emphasize too much on the field of philosophy but are weak in practice guidance. Basing on the biology and focusing on the real performance, the research abroad deepens the subject in some elements and brings relatively more practice guidance. However, these researches, studying on one or some elements of the athlete’s competitive ability, are lack of the comparison of other features of competitive ability in the overall-capacity structure. Therefore, they are not scientific and comprehensive enough when summarizing the rules. This paper takes the canoe sprint as research project, and analyses the characteristics of elite athletes’ competitive ability index through theoretical analysis and practical demonstration, then summarizes the comprehensive feature model of elite canoe sprint athletes’ characteristics of competitive ability.The research in paper involves the frame of feature model, class model, comprehensive feature model, which includes the concept of feature model of canoeing athletes’ competitive ability, structure of canoeing athletes’ competitive ability index, selection of hierarchical element, selection and description of representatively main indicator, description of category feature of canoeing athletes’ competitive ability. This paper uses the method of literature, expert interview, questionnaire, field survey, mathematical statistics, logic analysis and other research methods. It selects the representatively main indicator of physical characteristics, skill characteristics, mental and intellectual characteristics. It build the comprehensive feature model of elite canoe sprint athletes’ competitive ability, through theoretical analysis, training practice example of elite athlete in Guangdong province from 2006 to 2013.In this paper, the main conclusions are as follows:1. Referring to the fitness, elite paddlers have a good aerobic level. Whether the canoe or kayak athletes, there is not obvious difference in BLA threshhold between long distance paddlers and short distance paddlers; elite paddlers have good ability in body balance and good level in mobilization of LA. Under the status of maximum intensity, elite paddlers can maintain a continuous force effect, while there is a little bit difference between left paddle and right paddle for kayakists. When the BLA is controled in the range of 2.5~4mmol/L, the time for female kayakist and canoeist is colse, while the latter is about 23 seconds slower than the male kayakist in per kilometer. The elite paddlers can maintain high average speed in the whole race. In terms of FMS test, domestic paddlers record lower score. It might be due to the long-time specific training and the simplex method.2. Referring to skills, the technique of elite paddlers in single boat show characteristics as followings, including long catch, high power in the stage of pulling the paddle, lifting the paddle quickly in the moment of coming out of water, coordination and relaxation in recovering. Elite long-distance paddlers can keep the boat dynamically stable, with smooth tempo of movement and little speed difference in different paddling stage in the whole race; elite short-distance paddlers can not keep the boat stable, with relatively consistent speed. Most elite paddlers can switch personal technique adapt to the team boat smoothly, meeting the water situation with varied technique. Elite paddlers can adopt the tactics of distribution of physical energy, following in whole race, real-time leading, taking wave from the adjacent lanes, according to the characteristics of different opponent, tournament rounds, the race environment, as well as the level of competition. Generally speaking, all the skills above are the obvious and specific features of the elite paddlers.3. Firstly, referring to mentality, because canoe sprint has the feature of periodicity, endurance training, naturality, as well as the training or competition environment is relatively poor, athletes must have mental quality of hard-working. Secondly, the race of canoe sprint is usually carried out in the water with different situation, depth and flowing stream, so the elite athlete must have the sensitive sense of water and thinking resilience. Thirdly, due to the influence of natural environment, which is mostly in wide-visual venues, the elite athletes need to have relatively more keen observation and good spatial perception. Beside, due to the life-style differences between canoeing movement mode and modern human society activities, elite athletes must have a good imagination and thinking ability.4. This paper establishes the feature model of competitive ability, which is composed of three Hierarchy element in level 1, including fitness, skill and mental abiltiy. Among them, the fitness is composed of body shape, function, quality, which are the three Hierarchy element in level 2. Skills is composed of technique and tactics which are the two Hierarchy element in level 2. According to this thought, a 253 primary elements system was designed, which can be devided into eight levels. After two rounds of expert interview and statistical analysis, the author of this paper screened 12 main elements which can reflect the characteristics of competitive ability, i.e., the value of BLA threshhold in 4 mmol / L, balance ability, BLA value after 30 seconds paddling with maximum intensity, maximum heart rate, maximum force value in the middle way, 12 km paddling time, average speed value, degree of dynamic stretching, stroke rate in start + acceleration +middle + sprint stage, ability of taking and anti-taking waves, level of self-control in training, space perception level in paddling. Basing on this, comprehensive-feature model was established.