Study On The Abnormal Variations Of SRB In China And Its Comprehensive Control

The high sex ratio at birth(SRB) in our country has been a problem existing for more than 3 decades, which has the marked features of long duration, quite high degree and large involved scope, etc. This problem has stimulated extensive and deep studies by the academia and attracted great attention by the Party and government and all circles of the society with a series of social control activities taken, because this problem would have far-reaching and serious influences on marriage, family and social life. There are many aspects of reasons, but the more direct and important aspects are undoubtedly: lack of reason analysis from the perspectives of family economy and family culture, lack of system design for cultivating new family fertility culture, and not large support from guiding policies based on the family level, etc. This paper is titled Study on the Abnormal Variations of SRB in China and its Comprehensive Control and positions the main factor influencing the abnormal changes of SRB at the level of family, the smallest unit of the society, mainly aiming at discussing countermeasures for controlling the problem of high SRB based on the family level by striving to start from the subject for fertility decision-making, and through in-depth study of family fertility decision-making process and behaviors intervening with procreative sex.The 10 chapters of this paper can be divided into three parts. Part I includes the first three chapters which first introduce the study background, purpose and significance of this paper, to accurately position this study; then make systematic review of foreign and domestic relevant literature to enable this study to find a breakthrough on the basis of absorbing and using for reference the existing research achievements; then scientifically design the study method and technical route to offer this study clear direction and tool for analyzing and solving the problem, with the main content and innovation point briefly refining the corecontent and opinion of this paper as well as the innovations of this study, and the core concept and relevant theories defining core concepts of this study and briefly introducing relevant theories close to this study, and finally analyze the characteristics and social influence of high SRB.Part II includes the fourth to eighth chapters which first analyze the influence of the fertility policy on abnormal changes of SRB, and propose for the first time the opinion that the role of fertility policy shall be responded by families and operation of fertility policy is a two-way interactive process between the government and families. In the opinion of this study, the introduction of the relatively tight fertility policies led by one-child policy in our country was coincident to the time of start of rural operating system reform, followed by the problem of increased SRB, which was a coincidence of historical opportunities.Under the background of implementation of rural household contract responsibility system, even without the squeezing of the fertility policy on the family procreation quantity, families would also make the son preference choice,and the fertility policy “advocating one child” only played the role of “facilitator”or “helper”. This paper then conducts systematic analysis of the micro-factors affecting the high SRB from the four dimensions of family economy factor,family cultural inheritance, family fertility decision-making and family thrust mechanism. Regarding the family economy factor, this paper regards child cost-effectiveness, child as family endowment resource, family resource allocation, and inheritance of family undertaking as important conditions for fertility decision-making and conducts systematic demonstration. Regarding the family cultural inheritance, this paper treats the mindset of valuing boys over girls as the main line of inheritance of traditional fertility culture and the ideological root for the formation of gender preference, and concludes that family culture such as family virtue, family tradition and ancestor’s instructions formed over generations of the family as well as the fertility culture such as child adopting father’s surname, patrilocal residence and only boy being able to carry on the family line have important influences on the family fertility decision-making,through analysis that family is the first place for socialization of human beings and parents are the first teachers of child. Regarding family fertility decision-making, this paper emphasizes the opinion that reproductive subject is the first person in fertility decision-making and the fertility decision-making is decided by the fertility rationality, i.e., the individual economic rationality and non-economic rationality of the reproductive subject dominate the fertility decision-making of the family. The diversity of family types and family functions decides the different attitudes of different families towards fertility, and if the reproductive subject treats investment in boy as the accumulation of family wealth and investment in girl as the loss of family property, it will necessarily stimulate the activity and strengthening of son preference tendency, and then result in intervention with procreative sex and increase of SRB. Regarding family thrust mechanism, this paper proposes the proposition of family thrust for the first time,defines its meaning, analyzes the logical relation of each factor of family thrust,and builds the analytical model of family thrust mechanism; it also takes Heilongjiang Province as an example, and calculates the composite index of dynamic assessment of sexuality structure imbalance of live births of Heilongjiang Province by applying the analytical model built by this study.Part III includes the ninth and tenth chapters which lead the study towards the social practice for comprehensive control of high SRB, on the basis of analysis of family influence factors on abnormal changes of SRB. Those chapters first introduce the frame of “action plans” of the state for comprehensive control of increased SRB, summarize the practical experience created and accumulated in the implementation of “action plans” to “six projects” and “six degrees of effects”,and conduct demonstration with the actual data of six provinces. By evaluating the actual effect of the “action plans”, this paper points out that the “action plans”design exist with lack of goal accuracy, limited action plan coverage and lack of operability of task decomposition, and analyzes the negative effect caused by the above design shortcomings. This paper ends with “path choice for comprehensive control of abnormal changes of SRB” in order to turn theoretical research to practice achievements and guide the practice innovative development. It proposes the direction indicator of changing from the special comprehensive control of increased SRB to the all-dimensional control of promoting gender equality and gender mainstreaming, designs four aspects of development goals and 18 specific evaluation indexes, and identifies the best route to realize the goals: to build the mechanism of interaction between the society and families. It offers proposals: to redesign the key areas of Comprehensive Control of High SRB, etc. Those countermeasures and suggestions will certainly have positive effects on the in-depth conducting of comprehensive control of high SRB and realizing of the control goal of a normal SRB as soon as possible.Sticking to the basic idea and thought of self-confidence about path,self-confidence about theory and self-confidence about the system, this study proposes the “family dynamics mechanism” model affecting the abnormal changes of SRB, and makes scientific interpretations; builds the SRB index system taking family factors as the core, by screening the evaluation indexes;stresses the control concept of taking reproductive subject as the core, and puts emphasis of the comprehensive control work of high SRB on the family level, to make the control measures down-to-earth.