| PURPOSEThe aim of the study is to examine the effect of core training with high speed resistance exercise prescription for 60-69 year’s old male adult for delaying muscle atrophy, improve balance and physical activeness.METHODSParticipants60 healthy males were recruited (only 51 participants who meet the inclusion criteria at the end of the study) who were randomly divided into one of the four groups:lower-limb-resisted-training Group (A group) (n=14, age:63.9±3.7); Combined core with lower-limb-resisted-training Group (B group) (n=13,age:64.5±3.4); Core-training Group (C group) (n=13, age:63.1±2.8); Control Group (D group) (n=11, age: 65.1±4.5)InterventionA group program consisted of six exercises namely Leg press, Seated leg extention,Seated leg curl, Seated leg abduction, Seated leg adduction, and Calf raises, intensity 40%-70%1RM (week 1-2=40% 1RM, week3-4=50% 1RM, week5-6=60% 1RM, week7-12=70% 1RM) 8-10reps/set,2 times/week,3 sets,90 seconds rest between sets, total duration 45 minutes/session, for 12 weeks. C group program were consisted of contralateral back extension, plant, lateral bridges, stability ball back extension and supine alternate kick,2 times/week,3 sets/session, hold for 15 to 30 seconds (week 1-4=15secs, week 5-12=30secs) or 15 to 30reps/set (week 1-3= 15reps, week4-6=20reps, week7-9=25reps, week9-12=30reps),3 minutes rest between sets, total duration 45 minutes/session, B group consisted of both leg muscle strength and Core strength training program, the practising sequence is firstly leg muscle and then Core strength, total duration 55 minutes/session. D group carried on their daily life activities without any intervention.Measurements:The dominant leg strength,muscular endurance properties and core strength were accessed with isokinetic dynamometer (ISOMED2000) at angular velocity of 0°/s,60°/s and 180°/s for knee extension and knee flexion; 60°/S and 180°/S for ankle dorsiflexion and ankle plantar flexion,knee extension and knee flexion muscular endurance at angular velocity of 180°/S and core strength at angular velocity of 60°/S respectively. Magnetic resonance imaging MRI (Philips Archiva 3.0T) were used to quantify muscle morphological changes such as mid-thigh muscular cross-sectional area (CSA), intramuscular fat (IMF).Hematological profiles were testosterone, cortisol, growth hormone, IL-6 (with Beckman Access Ⅱ) and IGF-1, ET-1, NO (with ELISA:R & D). The four morning fasting blood samples were collected in the morning, during the first and the last sessions 15 minutes before and after the training. The blood sample centrifuged at 2000RPM for 10 minutes to separate plasma and serum, and thenstored onto below-70℃ fridge; Balance control was accessed through static standing in four conditions using Mobility Lab:open-eyes with hard surface,open-eyes with cushions, closed-eyes with hard surface, and closed-eyes with cushions. The mean centre of gravity sway frequency, mean anterior-posterior and medial-lateral centre of gravity sway velocity, and Functional Reach Test were recorded. Seat raise-walk test (with Mobility Lab) was used to access physical activeness. It divided into four stages; sit to stand phase, gait, pivoting and turn-around-sit. Each stage has its corresponding measure in reflecting the control of the body ability. Among them, time and range of trunk motion (ROM) reflecting sit to stand phase; gait speed, step frequency, range of trunk motion (ROM),gait time and double surporting phase used to reflect walk; turn around duration and gait time before turning around reflecting pivoting; stand to sit duration and range of trunk motion (ROM) were used to refect turn-around-sit; in addition. Totoal time spent was used to reflect the total phase of Up and Go activity.Recording the time of climbing stairs and calculating the power of climbing stairs.DATA ANALYSISAll data are conducted with normal distribution before, Strength and climbing stairs were analyed used Two-Way repeated ANOVA (4x2) Static balance ability data was analyzed with Two-Way repeated ANOVA (4x4x2), Dynamic balance ability data was analyzed with Two-Way repeated ANOVA (4x2). The Post Hok test used Tunkey, The results were expressed with mean±SD, P<0.05 means significant difference and Means very significant difference. All data were analyze with SPSS.16.0.RESULTS(1) Muscular StrengthAs compared with the core-trained (C) group and control (D) group, the Combined-trained (B) group and Lower-Limb-High-Speed-trained (A) group were increased knee-joint muscular strength (0°/S,60°/S and 180°/S), ankle-joint plantar flexion (60°/S and 180°/S) and knee-joint muscular strength endurance significantly (P<0.01). All measured angular velocity strength was showed greater developed in group B as compared to group A were not significant (P>0.05). As compared with the Lower-Limb-High-Speed-trained (A) group and control (D) group, the Combined-trained (B) group and the core-trained (C) group were significantly increased abdomen and back muscle strength(p<0.05), There is no significant difference in abdomen and back muscle strength between Combined-trained (B) group and the core-trained (C) group (P>0.05)(2) Muscular Morphology:Group B and group A were increased mid-thigh muscle cross-sectional area at about 7% and IMF reduced about 10% significantly.(3) Hematological profilesWithin groups’comparison:The pre-posttest of first session acute exercise showed, group A and Group B blood testosterone, cortisol, growth hormone, IGF-1 and NO were significantly increased compared with before exercise (P<0.05, P<0.01 respectively); Group C showed only IL-6、 ET-1 were significantly difference (P<0.05). The magnitude of changes were reduced at the final session.Between groups’ comparison:All experimental groups’ makers were significant different as compared to control group (D) except NO in group A (P>0.05). Group B significantly lower the concentration of IL-6 (P<0.05), increase the concentration of NO (P<0.05) as compared to group A.(4) BalanceStatic Balance:In comparison with control, all experimental groups centre of mass sway frequency, mean anterior-posterior and medial-lateral centre of mass sway velocity reduced significantly (P<0.05), however group B had the greatest magnitude of improvement (p<0.01). In the eyes-closed, the magnitude of improvements were greater significantly in group B as compared to group A and group C on centre of mass sway frequency, and mean anterior-posterior and medial-lateral centre of mass sway velocity (p<0.05)Dynamic Balance:In comparison with control, group A and group C increased the distance of the three direction lower limb functional reaching test significantly (P<0.05, P<0.01 respectively). Group B recorded greater improvement as compared to group A and group B on the distance of the three direction lower limb functional reaching test significantly (P<0.05);(5) Physical Activeness:In comparison with control, all groups improved gait speed, reduced gait cycle duration, loading response phase and pivoting cycle significantly (P<0.05); the magnitude of changed were greatest in group B and group C was lowest. O the other hands, group A and group B were reduced total time of raise and walk and sit-stand cycle significantly (P<0.05); in term of the magnitude of changed, group B had the greatest changed in total time of raise, walk and sit-stand cycle and gait cycle significantly (P<0.05)CONCLUSION(1) All three experiment groups improved muscular strength; the combined core with lower limb high speed strength training delivered promising results, more over they are observed no "interference" between core-only and lower limb high speed strength training.(2) The combined and lower limb high speed strength training were increased static and dynamic balance in 60-69 age healthy male adults. Core training improved static balance in the same population. However the combined training is suggested to be the most effective training method.(3) All three training strategies improved physical activeness in 60-69 age years’old healthy male adults. However, the combined training strategy was performed better among others, mainly in raise and walk cycle, gait cycle, and pivoting cycle durations.(4) None of the experiment training strategies had altered the sarcomere inner environment of the lower limb muscle protein synthesis. However the combined training strategy may better stimulate blood vessel elasticity and blood pressure adaptation in 60-69 years old healthy male adults as relative to any single training strategy. |
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