The Research On The Objectivity Thoughts Of Press In The Republican Period

Objectivity is not only a reporting rule, but also a professional ideal in the west. Then,have the objectivity ever been during the height of the development of China’snational newspaper? What state was it before the western objectivity thoughtsintroduced into China? Did the western objectivity thoughts impact the objectivity’sdevelopment in China? What was the relationship between the ideal and the political,economic, social and cultural background? What was its tendency?In order to get a basic answer of the above questions, the article want to grasp thedevelopment of the concept of "objectivity" and research the press in the socialsystem. There are two important innovations in the dissertation. First, the thesisexplores the development path of objectivity of the press in the Republican period.The characteristics of the objectivity in different stages are also discussed. Theprevious researchers paid little attention to this issue. Second, the objectivity thoughtsare different to specific people and newspapers. It is not systematic and the expressionmay not the "objectivity". The dissertation researches these scattered and internalthoughts.The main points of the specific sections are as follows:In chapter one, I briefly describe the media ecology of the Republic of China andintroduce the conditions on the development of the press. On the macro level, thefeudal dynasty was end and the democratic system appeared; China’s nationalcapitalism had a temporary prosperity; the traditional human relationshipsdisintegrated which make the family as the core; the New Culture Movement brokeout and liberated the people’s thoughts. On the micro level, the scientific technologydeveloped, such as the print, transport and telegraph. These new media technologycreated a new institutional environment. During this period, the people had a strongerdemand for the information because of the more social changes.In chapter two, I describe the early development of the objectivity in China andintroduce the objectivity thoughts of Wang Tao and Wang Kangnian, and so on. Then Ianalyze the stenographic reporting which was China’s unique phenomenon of the press this period. I think the stenographic reporting is a kind of distorted newspaperobjectivity. Subsequently I analyze the characteristics of the objectivity of the earlynewspapers.In chapter three, I describe the development and prevalence of the objectivity in China.During this period, the early communication theory began to appear. Xu Baohuangand Shao Piaoping researched the objectivity from the theoretical aspects. TheShenBao controlled by Shi Liangcai and the Dagong Bao controlled by Zhang Jiluanwas the climax of the Chinese newspapers’ objectivity. However, there were alsomany shortcomings and deficiencies of them. The article also analyzes theirlimitations.The chapter four shows the newspaper ecology under the control of the Kuomintang.The ecological environment which the free newspaper relied on has been undermined.The objectivity began to decline. With the end of the Anti-Japanese War, the KMTstrengthened the news control and the national newspaper gradually declined. TheCommunist Party of China adhered to the party newspaper theory of the proletariatand thought the newspaper as the mouthpiece of the party. They called on all themembers to join into the newspaper cause and comply with the Party’s principles.However, in the theory of the party newspaper of the Communist Party of China, thereal nature such as the authenticity, objectivity was recognized by the Party newspapertheory. The objectivity accessed to a new life.In short, the objectivity as a newspaper principle appears in a specific pressenvironment. Its development needs a right environment and it will have differentcharacteristics in different environments. However, due to the intercourse of press andpolitics, as well as the journalist’s own values, knowledge structure, objectivity existsas an ideal to a large extent.