The Study On Northeast Asia Regional Energy Security And Energy Cooperation

This dissertation studies mainly the energy security and energy cooperationissues in Northeast Asia. Participating in and facilitating energy cooperation inNortheast Asia is important for China to realize energy market diversification andhas great strategic value for China to ensure national energy security. Thisdissertation tries to provide policy suggestions for the Chinese government toestablish and implement energy security strategies, to promote energy diplomacy, todevelop energy cooperation with Northeast Asian countries. At the same time, thedissertation tries to provide references for the energy development in NortheastAsian energy-producing zone, and deepen the research in some relevant fields suchas energy economics, etc. so as to promote theoretical innovation in the field ofenergy resource studies.The content of the dissertation is as follows.Chapter One is about the energy security and energy cooperation. Under thecontext of globalization, the allocation of energy resources also tends to be global,which brings concerns of every country in the world for energy security. In particular,the outbreak of the two energy crises turns energy security issue a global focus. Inthis chapter, firstly, based on energy security theories and the studies on the influenceof economic globalization on energy security, we lay down theoretical basis for thestudy of energy security in Northeast Asia. Secondly, we explore the development ofinternational energy market, analyze in detail the reserves and distribution of globalenergy resources, the production scale and structure of energy, energy demand anddemand structure, energy trade and energy pricing and price fluctuation tendency,trying to understand better the international energy market. Thirdly, we studiesglobal and regional energy cooperation. With the proceeding of economicglobalization and international energy integration, multi-lateral energy cooperationhas been carried out among some countries as well as international organizations,such as Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, the International EnergyAgency, the Energy Charter Organization. These organizations played a veryimportant role in coordinating international relations, stabilizing world petroleummarket, etc. In addition to global energy cooperation, a number of countries makegreat effort to ensure energy market balance through cooperation in energyproduction, transportation and consumption and assumption of mutual responsibilitywithin a certain region. Thus, regional cooperation has an irreplaceable advantage interms of safeguarding energy security.Chapter Two is about the energy exploitation and utilization of energy-supplycountries and energy cooperation. This chapter summarizes the energy reserves,energy production, consumption and trade in Russian Far East and Mongolia, andforecasts the energy resource development tendency in these two countries. In addition, it analyzes in detail the long-term energy development strategies, energydiplomacy, and the policies and laws in the field of energy investment of the twocountries, so as to understand the future directions of the energy developmentstrategies of the two countries.Chapter three studies the energy security and foreign energy cooperation inenergy import countries. Japan and ROK are major energy importing countries in theworld. After years of development, these two countries have established relativelysound systems in terms of energy strategies, energy diplomacy, energy saving, andnew energy utilization, etc., which carries great reference value for China. Thischapter studies emphatically such energy policies as the energy strategies, energydiplomacy, energy saving, and new energy utilization of Japan and ROK.Chapter four studies the energy security situation and energy policy of China.With the continuous development of Chinese economy, energy demand and energyimport are increasing. China’s energy security is facing a grim situation. Throughenergy cooperation in Northeast Asia, the balance of regional energy market can beensured, which has an irreplaceable role for protecting energy security of China aswell as other countries in the region. This chapter summarizes the current situationof energy reserves, energy production, consumption and trade, etc. in China,generalizes China’s energy security policies, and forecasts China’s future energydevelop trends.Chapter five analyzes the energy competition and cooperation in Northeast Asia.Northeast Asian countries not only compete but also cooperate in the field of energy.On one hand, as the economic growth in Japan, ROK, and China are all very fast,and the geo-economic relations among the three countries are unique, and theyimport energy from the same energy-exporting country, it is obviously that they willcompete with each other in the world oil and gas market. Their competition centersaround the Russian Far East and Siberia, the Tokai region, Africa region etc. Thecompetition among the three countries endangers the energy security in NortheastAsian energy market, and has a strong negative impact on the energy security ofenergy-importing countries. This is not only bad for the long-term development ofNortheast Asian countries, but also goes against the common prosperity of NortheastAsian countries. On the other hand, as Northeast Asian countries share a commonbenefit in promoting regional energy cooperation to ensure their own energy security,the bilateral and multilateral energy cooperation within the region have madefavorable progress, including the cooperation between energy importing andexporting countries, and among energy importing countries.Chapter six studies the prospects of energy cooperation in Northeast Asia andChina’s countermeasures. First, due to the increasing economic openness inNortheast Asia, intra-regional trade dependence is gradually strengthened. Theincreasingly close economic and trade ties lay down the economic foundation forenergy trade and energy cooperation in Northeast Asia. What’s more, the adjustmentof energy strategies in Northeast Asian countries provides new opportunities for theenergy cooperation in Northeast Asian countries. There are huge potential for futureenergy cooperation in Northeast Asia. Secondly, the energy cooperation progress in Northeast Asia is relatively slow, with only several bilateral cooperation in effect,and most multilateral cooperation in the designing and planning stage. The energycooperation is restricted by the complex geo-political relations, lack of regionalenergy coordinating system, and Russia’s unfavorable energy investmentenvironment, etc. It is necessary to find out those adverse factors and change theminto favorable ones to breakthrough the current situation of slow progress inNortheast Asian energy cooperation. Thirdly, we believe firmly that Northeast Asianenergy cooperation has a very realistic and broad future. Northeast Asian countriesare expected to cooperate in establishing regional energy cooperation organizations,integrating Northeast Asian energy market, implementing common petroleumreserves, energy saving, new energy development, environmental protection, energytransportation, establishing energy cooperation financing system, etc. Finally, whenChina participate in Northeast Asian energy cooperation, we should regard mutualbenefit and win-win situation as the principle of cooperation, adopt comprehensivelyvarious measures to develop energy cooperation in full range with the neighboringcountries.