Research On Theory And Method To Mine Remote Sensing Survey

The research on the survey and monitoring theory and method to mine remote sense (M-RS) in China is necessary for the national goals and the construction on official management platform. Its research direction is in the application theory and the technique of the modern high-tech remote sensing field. However, viewed from the integrity of mine management, the study difficulty in this topic is the joint between the application on remote sensing techniques and the state law standard. Owing to the facts that the mine management in China is multiplicity and superposition and the benefit conflict among the State-the Local-the enterprise objectively exists, the more challenge to survey and monitoring on M-RS has been derived. On attempting to avoid some political and legal issues, this thesis is focused on the technical problems in the survey and monitoring on M-RS in China. In spite of the issues on laws and regulations involved, the essential question of this thesis belongs to the natural science domain.The mineral resource exploitation is the basis of China’s industrialization. The industrialization process is the industrial development whose participation is the most and whose size is the largest in history. The industrialization brought two regional issues on the excessive consumption on resource and the over-load on environment. In the late1980s, the mineral resource exploitation was disordered and the mine environment was seriously damaged in China. Therefore, in1995and2005, the State Council issued documents to rectify the mineral resources mining order for twice in1995and2005respectively. The national goal is to keep the well development order and reduce the geological hazard and the mine disaster. In recent years, the Ministry of Land and Resources put forward and established Multiple-Goal Survey and Monitoring on Mine Remote Sense and promote the research and application of spatial information science on mine management. Recently, the earth observation technology has been comprehensively applied in the data acquisition and the monitoring on the resource, the environment and the regional change of the surface. The remote sensing technology can provide the newest, fastest and most accurate scientific data for the global study and provide the technical platform of spatial management for the supervision on resource environment. The theory&method in survey and monitoring of M-RS will be developed aiming at how to discover the illegal mining objects and the mine environment problem rapidly, accurately and immediately.The author has summarized the leading theory and the key technology in the cognitive theory of the image recognition and detection on mine object, the image understanding, the detection and dynamic information extraction of surface object, the multilevel recognition and multi-temporal information of the dynamic object. The theoretical basis of this thesis is the image information science theory. In the domain of M-RS, this thesis involves the mine geological theory, the mine geographic theory, the mine environmental theory and the mine disaster. Its scientific idea is (ⅰ) to establish the synthesis knowledge system among mine geology-geography-geomorphology-ecology-environment and (ⅱ) construct the image symbol transformation system from the image to the mine knowledge according to the comprehensive mine knowledge system.The contribution is to change the original remote sensing pattern-Learning to Read by Pictures, build the innovative knowledge system in M-RS and establish the key technology system in the image information transformation study. Based on the theory of image information transition and scale transformation, this thesis may provide the technical support for the mineral administrative management and the monitoring on mine geological environment. The author proposes the theory in image symbel of mine object with the comprehensive knowledge structure and builds up the method system of the image symbol containing geological object-geomorphological object-environmental object-mine building object-artificial accumulation object on surface-mine pollution object and the information extraction. To obtain the label attribute on mine object image with the multi-dimension and multi-attribute information on remote sensing image such as the space dimension, the spectral dimension and the temporal dimension. The image symbol is the original image attribute information, with certain uncertainty and fuzziness, which is required to make the knowledge mining and picture structure analysis on the basis of the theoretical knowledge and the spatial structure of mine geology-geography-mining environment in order to minimize the uncertainty influence by the image uncertainty and fuzziness and define the image symbol attribute for scientific management and the sematization attribute for mine enforcement.Upon the mine geography and the framework of survey and monitoring on mine geological environment, according to the special technique standard of planning project design by Ministry of Land Resources, the author has built the image recognition system and the method system of remote sensing monitoring for the mine multiple objects, including (ⅰ) the symbol system:the author has studied on the knowledge system of image recognition for mine geological-geographical environment, i.e. geologic structure, rock spectrum, geographical location, environment, surface coverage, mining type, mine property, land type, water type, waste accumulation position, secondary waste recovery, gallery type, mine drainage scope and water contamination type;(ⅱ) the dynamic monitoring symbol system of mine objects:with the spectral difference, the morphological difference, the texture difference, the environmental difference and the cultural difference in the multi-temporal image, based on the spectral feature, the scale feature, the time-difference feature, the geographical environment feature and the transportation feature, the author has carried out the dynamic monitoring and the information extraction on the mining environment;(ⅲ) with the analytic hierarchy process and the principle component analysis, the author has extracted the dynamic information of the mine geological environment and the geological hazarder. In short, the author has prediction method mechanism for the single-temporal survey and the multi-temporal monitoring on mine disaster, the risk evaluation method to the mine waste accumulation and the debris flow, the evaluation method to the status survey on land restoration. The author has made the site check on all the dynamic monitoring and prediction results.This thesis is divided into six chapters and the main content is as following:Chapter1, in which the author introduced the study background, reviewed the literatures in M-RS and summarized the leading theories and main methods; Chapter2, where the author emphasized the image understanding theory on mine object and its application; Chapter3, where the author discussed all the inference, analysis on the image recognition mechanism, and the image extraction method for M-RS; Chapter4, where the author described the mine environmental effect and the comprehensive method to image application; Chapter5, where the author showed the method to remote sensing survey, monitoring and prediction for the mine environmental disaster; Chapter6, which is the conclusions and the prospection of the thesis. The key is from Chapter2to Chapter5, which is the achievement by the author’s independent study. The main academic achievements and the contribution are as following:1.The image recognition theory of mine object in different regions and different types has a practical significance on the promotion of Multiple-Objective Survey and Monitoring on Mine Remote Sense. On the image geo-information transformation theory, the author constructed the image structure of the regional geology and geomorphology, the image label attribute and the comprehensive image label of ore bed and ore rock body for M-RS and solved the spatial location problem of mine object in large scale; built the image label and the comprehensive recognition mark of the spatial structure element and the geological&geographic environmental information for mine object (including the mining surface, solid waste, the mine road, the mine building, the preparation equipment and the tailing pond). That has a guiding significance on the spatial location, the review on the exploitation right boundary and the administrative enforcement for mine object.2.The introduction of feedback process Resource-Production-Renewable Resources for mineral resources and the recycle model Low Development, High Use and Low Emissions is according to the circular economy and in accordance with the spatial and temporal feature of closed flow for the mine waste. And the image recognition symbol and the interpretation&evaluation method for the utilization&mining of unconventional mineral in China has been raised as well.3.The recognition symbol and the image resolution evidence have been found out from different views with the comprehensive image information including the spectral dimension, the temporal dimension and the spatial dimension, which has a scientific significance on the rapid discovery and evaluation on the mine object and the semantization of its attribute. That combing the macroscopic recognition with the microcosmic analysis on the mine object has perfected the theoretical method system from remote sensing image and the mine geographical environmental information to the mine geological environmental monitoring. For the multi-approach, multi-plicity, non-humogeneity and nonlinear characteristic of the mine object information, based on analytical hierarchy process and component analysis, through refactoring and transforming the image multi-semantic information. The model and flow of image information extraction in the human-machine interaction for M-RS has been established. Moreover, since the temporal-spatial transformation is another basic theory for the image understanding for M-RS survey, the scale effect and the scale transformation in M-RS have been made a deep discussion on.4.From the geographical process in mineral resources development and the geological-geographic environmental effect in all the stages, the image recognition process of the temporal-spatial evolution feature for mine object has been fully summarized. The influence of different mineral type and mining patterns on the topography, the soil environment, the water environment, the habitat environment and the landscape aesthetics environment in the mine exploitation has been made sturdy on. Upon the theory Modern Man-Earth Relationship, the author has made a systematic summary on the environmental factors and the temporal-spatial coupling effect of mine exploitation; and the difference between response models of different geological&geographic environment from the mine geological environmental problem. The amplification effect and the lagging effect of mine environmental damage has been creatively raised in accordance that the mine environmental damage effect is transcendental in space and lagging in time. And then the green mine development model was constructed for human-mine harmonious development.5.Under the framework of mine geography, the author has improved the knowledge structure system and the method system of remote sensing survey, evaluation and monitoring for the mine geological environment, ecological&geographic environment, valley pollution environment, land reclamation and ecological environmental restoration. The author has made a systematical study on the probable damage scope of the debris flow caused by the solid waste and the possibly polluted region by the heavy metal in Dexing Copper Mine; aiming at the characteristic that the waste is relatively loose and the rainfall is abundant in Dingnan Rare-Earth Mine in South Jiangxi, the author has made the semi-quantitative prediction model for debris flow to predict the location and the intensity. As the result, the prediction matched the practical situation. Therefore, it may provide the scientific decision basis for the government’s comprehensive treatment.Due to the complex geographical environment, the diverse mineral resources, the mutural interference among earth spheres and the loose mine objects, there are some theoretical issues and key technical problems to study in the geosciences image understanding and its practical application for remote sensing image.(ⅰ) The division and location of the three layers (i.e. the image processing, the image analysis and the image understanding) in the image engineering has not been much matched with the recognition of mine objects. The author has emphasized on the image analysis and the image understanding, while the image cognition has not been involved enough. The regional geo-regulation was used much while the quantitative algorithm was relatively little. In the future study, the quantitative method should be improved to make the new joint for the image analysis.(ⅱ) For the mine geo-environmental characteristic is complex and governed by different departments in management, the survey and evaluation system should be improved in the future.