| Altay region of Xinjiang is rich in mineral resources,and mineral exploitation has brought huge economic benefits to the region,and is the pillar industry of the local economy.In the process of mining,the environment will inevitably be affected to a certain extent.Under the background of green mines advocated by the state,it has become an important subject to objectively evaluate the impact of mining on the environment and the degree of damage,and to put forward countermeasures to solve the geological environmental problems in mining areas,so as to realize the coordinated development of mining development and environmental protection.This paper mainly carries out the following research:(1)On the basis of introducing the physical geography and geological environment of Altai region in Xinjiang,the study area is divided into seven geomorphological forms according to field survey data.In order to improve the utilization rate of land resources and adhere to the principle of adapting measures to local conditions,the land in the study area is divided into three types: suitable for agriculture,suitable for forestry and suitable for other land types.(2)The general situation of Ashele Copper Mine and Doranasayi Gold Mine in the study area is introduced,and the present situation of exploitation and utilization of mineral resources is expounded.Through consulting geological data and field investigation,the environmental geological problems in the study area are summarized and summarized,including geological hazards(collapse,landslide,ground collapse),land occupation and destruction,topographic and geomorphological landscape destruction,water body and soil body.Pollution problems,land leveling and reclamation,vegetation protection and other control measures are put forward in view of the geological environment of local mines.At the same time,in order to improve the utilization of solid waste resources in the study area,two improvements have been made to the mining and separation technology in the study area.(3)Water and soil samples were taken in the study area,and indoor tests were carried out.The test items of water samples included pH,Cu,As,Zn,Cd,Hg,Cr6+,F-and other elements.The test items of soil samples included PH,Hg,As,Cu,Pb,Cd,Ni,Cr,Zn and other elements.The data were analyzed and processed to obtain the comprehensive pollution zoning map of soil and water in the study area.The results showed that the exploitation of copper and gold mines had different effects on the soil and water quality in the mine area.In view of the present situation of pollution,biosorption and Microbial Flocculation Combined with complexation-ultrafiltration-electrolysis technology can be used to treat the water polluted by heavy metals,and phytoremediation technology and microbialremediation technology can be used to treat the soil polluted by heavy metals.(4)By investigating the geological environment of Ashele Copper Mine and Doranasayi Gold Mine,the types and distribution of mine geological environment problems are analyzed,14 evaluation factors are selected,and the mine geological environment is evaluated by the combination of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and hierarchical analysis.According to the quality of mine geological environment,the study is divided into four areas and the restoration is proposed.Vegetation,land leveling,solid waste resource utilization and other "prevention and control combined" control measures.This study has important guiding significance for mine geological environment protection and control in Altay Copper-Gold Polymetallic Resource Base.It can minimize or avoid mine geological environment problems caused by mining development,and play an important role in improving mine geological environment and promoting the coordinated development of mineral resources development and mine geological environment protection. |
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