Disturbance And Measure Of Matter Quantity And Carbon Sink Of Soil And Vegetation Affected By Coal Mining

With the deeply continuous mining activities, main surface carbon sink elementssuch as vegetation and soil are affected by mining. The accurate measure ofvegetation and soil disturbance is essential for evaluating environmental cost of coalmining.In this paper, based on summarizing existing research results of coal mineenvironment problems, theory, mechanism, spatial-temporal characters, materialdamage, carbon budget changes, cost and ecological compensation of vegetation andsoil erosion disturbance were studied, theories and methods were used to reveal andevaluate the disturbance rules of environment in mining area. The main researchcontents and results are as follows:(1) Theory exploration. Based on development regulation of coal mining areaand relevant examples, such as life circulation theory、cumulative effect theory andecological mining area theory, the main characters of environmental disturbance andmechanism such as spatial-temporal cumulative effect, time lag effect, spatialextensionality effect, double-edged effect and other main characteristics weresummarized. Theories and methodologies of measure of disturbance were put forward.The dialectical relations between disturbance research and measure research wereanalyzed.(2) Spatio-temporal effect of disturbance of soil and vegetation affected by coalmining, which including spatio-temporal variation character of vegetation underinteraction of kinds of factors and spatial mechanism of soil erosion affected bymining subsidence. On the basis of land utilization evolution analysis of the researcharea, spatial data analysis tools that spatial variogram, fractal dimension, GlobalMoran’s I, Getis-Ord General G, Getis-Ord Gi*and Anselin Local Moran I were usedto study the vegetation evolution pattern, its detailed driving force were analyzed.Changes of flow accumulation, slope length in watershed caused by miningsubsidence were calculated. Slope length changing characteristic aroused by miningsubsidence and its location were summarized and simulated to provide basis and thepractice exploration for erosion prevention in coal mining area.(3) Measure of matter quantity changing of soil and vegetation affected by coalmining. This section was including construction of time series of vegetation NDVIaffected by coal mining and measure of soil erosion quantity changing affected bymining subsidence. Based on the fusion of multi-source and multi-temporal data, through comparison of environment condition between protection area, subsidencearea and non subsidence area, long period of vegetation changing quantity affected bymining under work surface scale were constructed to deduce the relationship betweenvegetation change and coal mining. Based on disciplines and technologies such asmining subsidence, digital terrain analysis and soil erosion equation, changes of thethree major factors slope, slope length, vegetation coverage as well as the soil erosionchanging amount were calculated. The positive and negative relations between miningsubsidence and changing of soil erosion were discussed, the results verified the spatialextensionality effect and double-edged effect of coal mining on soil erosion proposedin the theoretical exploration chapter.(4) Measure of carbon sink changing of soil and vegetation affected by coalmining. Based on the carbon cycle and carbon source/sink theory，carbon source/sink mechanism in coal mining area was put forward, vegetation biomass and NPPloss in mining area were deeply studied and estimated. Calculation method of FPARin CASA model was improved, on this basis, single impact series on vegetation NDVIof coal mining was taken as data source to calculate the damaged vegetation biomassand NPP loss in the process. Organic carbon changing in soil was quantitativelyanalyzed and evaluated by soil sampleing. The measure methods of carbon sinkchange of vegetation-soil system caused by coal mining were discussed.(5) Measure of environmental value and ecological compensation of soil andvegetation affected by coal mining. With the tools of environmental economics,quantity and quality of environment factor were transferred to economic price tomeasure the corresponding ecological compensation, the ecological compensationtypes were discussed.Through the above researches, the theoretical mechanisms of environmentaldisturbance in coal mining area was clarified, mechanism on soil erosion factors ofmining subsidence was analyzed, carbon budget of the related environmental factorswas calculated, the environmental value and ecological compensation quota werecalculated, measure system and method of environmental externality caused by coalmining was initially established.