Catalytic Conversion Of Biomass Into Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Lignocellulosic biomass has shown to be an efficient source of carbon for the production of chemicals and fuels, and this renewable resource was attracted national attention. With the depletion of fossil fuels as a source for fuels, chemicals, and energy, growing environmental problems, will require the development of new, sustainable sources for fuels and bulk chemicals. The fraction of energy and chemicals supplied by renewable resources such as biomass can be expected to increase in the foreseeable future. Biomass is the only current sustainable source of organic carbon, and biofuels, fuels derived from plant biomass, is the only current sustainable source of liquid fuels. Biofuels generate significantly less greenhouse gas emissions than do fossil fuels and can even be greenhouse gas neutral if efficient methods for biofuels production are developed.Due to the complexity of biomass structure, the product from biomass was diversity characteristics. Chemicals or energy molecule production from biomass as raw material is a broad prospect. Aromatic hydrocarbons, especially benzene, toluene and xylene are currently widely used in international commodity chemicals. Aromatic hydrocarbons compounds can be used as a gasoline additive and can be very good increase gasoline octane. Therefore, production Aromatic hydrocarbons compounds from biomass as feedstocks has open up a new direction for biomass utilization, and subsequent research has a role in promoting development. Efficient use of biomass resources to reduce the damage of fossil energy in the course of the ecological environment, for the improvement of the ecological environment has important significance.We focus on the development of various conversion methods to achieve aromatic compounds from biomass conversion. The main goal of this paper is based on biomass feedstock for production aromatic compounds. Content of the study including how to catalytic conversion green renewable biomass resources, such as:lignin, biomass platform compound5-(hydroxymethyl) furfural and y-valerolactone as raw aromatics preparation. Our aim is to achieve a transformation of raw materials derived from biomass preparation of bulk chemicals aromatic, as example benzene, toluene and xylene.The First chapter.We introduces biomass structure and converion briefly. The chemical conversion of cellulose to5-Hydroxymethylfurfural and y-Valerolactone were reciewed. We also review of the catalytic lignin valorization literature. Fast pyrolysis is a promising technology for biomass utilization and has much advantage. The product of this technology, known as bio-oil, has lower cost than other bio-fuels. Finally, we describe certain aromatic compounds were introduced bulk chemicals and energy molecule of benzene, toluene and xylene preparation and application, as well as research-based aromatic compounds present biomass conversion process of discovery.The second chapter, Lignin was a large number of benzene linked together to form a three-dimensional structure of macromolecules interwoven through the C-O-C and the C-C bond, it was the obvious candidate to serve as a future aromatic resource for the production of liquid biofuels, biomaterials and green chemicals. In the present study, an efficient catalytic system for lignin oxidation to succinic acid and aromatic compounds were developed.The third chapter, we we reported a promising method for the production of aromatics from pyrolytic lignin. More importantly, phenols are the main products with selectivity over90%at600℃though no catalyst was loaded. For catalytic pyrolysis, selectivity for aromatic hydrocarbons is more than87%. Therefore we have demonstrated the catalytic pyrolysis of lignin is an alternative way to produce fuel additives and useful chemicals.Chapter IV, y-valerolactone can be obtained through the hydrogenation of levulinic acid, which can be obtained from acidic hydrolysis of lignocelluloses biomass. GVL cannot be used as a transportation fuel due to several reasons including high water solubility and lower energy density. This work shows that GVL could be transformed into aromatic hydrocarbons through catalytic pyrolysis. Different zeolite catalysts and reaction conditions have been tested for the catalytic conversion of GVL to aromatic hydrocarbons. By doxygenations or growth of carbon chain length, the fuel energy density of GVL is increased.Chapter V,5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) was a key intermediate of a biobased chemical industry and production of HMF from biomass. HMF suffered from several limitations for directly used as liquid transportation fuel, such as the high water solubility, easy decomposition and the relatively low energy density compared to petroleum-derived fuels. A novel method for the production of aromatic hydrocarbons from HMF through a single step has been reported in our work. HMF generated aromatic hydrocarbons in42.7%carbon yield through catalytic pyrolysis.Chapter VI, Summary and OutlookIn summary, production aromatic compound throngh catalytic conversion biomass was the major work of this paper. We have been using lignin and biomass compound molecules platform5-Hydroxymethylfurfural and y-valerolactone as raw materials. We have successfully achieved the conversion of biomass to aromatic compounds as commodity chemicals, and high selectivity to obtain benzene, toluene and xylene.