Modeling Of Driving Behaviors Under Multi-directional Stimuli And Its Simulation Study

Microscopic traffic flow models play an important role in reproducing thefundamental characteristics of traffic flow、managing and controlling the traffic flow.Therefore, establishment of realistic microscopic traffic flow models will beconductive to better manage and control the traffic systems. However, most previousmicroscopic modeling about driving behaviors mainly considers the stimuli from theforward traffic and neglects the stimulating effect from backward or lateral vehicles,which causes the deviation between the simulated traffic based on this class of modelsand complex real traffic and finally affects designing the rational measures for trafficmanagement and control. Therefore, due to the driving behaviors in complex trafficscenarios, this paper employs the cellular automaton model (CA) and optimal velocity(OV) model to respectively study the impact of backward and lateral vehicleinformation on the driving behaviors, and then proposes the bi-directional stimulatedcellular automaton model and two-lane optimal velocity model. The main researchwork can be summarized as follows：1. Development of vehicle to vehicle communication technology makes itpossible for drivers to actively obtain the backward vehicle information; therefore, theinfluence of bi-directional vehicle information on driving behaviors is involved inNaSch model. Meanwhile, the drivers can be classified to three types (i.e. aggressive、normal and conservative) based on their sensitivity to the danger, which can bedescribed by the possibility of random braking. Finally, through numericalexperiments it is known that more aggressive driving behaviors or more congestedtraffic causes lower safety performance; while the bi-directional vehicle informationcontributes to increase the safety performance; the sensitive and stimulated types ofdrivers produce a great effect in the safety performance of the heterogeneous fleets.2. Applying the various conditions of activating the honk or headlamp can alsodescribe three types of drivers, and the mechanism of drivers response to the stimuliof honk or headlamp is taken into account based on the heuristic CA model, based onwhich the bi-directional stimulated CA model involving the backward vehicleinformation received passively by drivers is proposed. Finally, it is obtained throughnumerical experiments that drivers response to the honk or headlamp stimulusimproves the dynamic behaviors of vehicles, but reduces the safety performance ofhomogeneous/heterogeneous fleets. 3. Under the prerequisite of lateral friction, the dynamic behaviors of vehicles intwo-lane road are analyzed, and then a two-lane OV model with lateral friction is putforward, based on which the stability condition is solved by the method of H∞norm.After that, two kinds of various information stimuli are added to the proposed model,which are relative velocity information without time delay and headway distanceinformation with time delay, and their stability conditions can also be gained by themethod of H∞norm. Finally, numerical results verify the obtained theoreticalconclusions and demonstrate the negative impact of lane changing behavior on thetraffic flow stability.4. Because of the drivers bounded rationality, the visual angle information isemployed to substitute the corresponding3-D traffic information, based on which thetwo-lane OV model with lateral friction between vehicles is presented. After that, thestability conditions of traffic flow based on the proposed model are obtained by thelinearized stability theory. Finally, numerical results confirm that decreasing thelateral friction, increasing the sensitivity of drivers and larger vehicle size all benefitthe stability of traffic flow, and also illustrate that reducing the lateral friction iscontributive to the traffic flow stability even though the diverging、emerging or lanechanging behaviors happen.