The Research Of The Vernacular Architecture And Landscape In The Mountain Villages Of Mentougou, Beijing

Ancient villages of Mentougou in the west of Beijing, are surrounded by mountains. They can be regarded as a traditional Chinese painting, or as a traditional Chinese opera about agriculture society. It is not a static antiquities, but a living sites, is a village group which has its own vitality under the impact of globalization and urbanization. In the context of natural environment and cultural background of Mentougou mountainous area, combining with historical records, site investigation and the field surveying and mapping, this paper selects Lingshui and Cuandixia villages which have been listed as Chinese history and culture village by the Ministry of Construction and the State Administration and also selects Huanglingxi village and Malan Village which have rich cultural relics and historical value and undamaged traditional style as research objects From the overall of these villages to vernacular dwellings, this paper researches on vernacular architecture and landscape of Mentougou mountainous area in a progressive way of analysis method. Exploring the essence of transformation through the superficial phenomenon of social and economic changes and studying the internal causes of village changing from external causes. Share the same blood relationship making population aggregation which is the primary cause of the formation of the villages, and the aggregation of people who share the same cultural values and behaviors is the root cause of the formation of regional culture. On the contrary, the regional culture effects the material and space form of villages and further creates material of homogenization culture.Seize the core of the development of village above, this paper explores and analyses formation, development and characteristics of Mentougou mountainous area in the west of Beijing profoundly.The main frame of this article is divided into six parts.The first part mainly introduces relevant theory and practice background of vernacular architecture research in the worldwide, considering this research in the context of the theoretical background of the world vernacular architecture research and studies these in a section way.The second part positioning settlement spaces which include vernacular architecture, those are villages of Mentougou mountainous area. Taking the four representative villages namely Lingshui, Cuandixia, Huangling, Malan village as examples, discussing the intrinsic causes of the emergence and development of these villages and the external form of these villages from regional natural environment and humanistic features two aspects. Analyzing the landscape system of villages from point, line and plane level and finding out distinctive features of these four villages.The third part, through on-the-spot investigation, this paper focuses on the courtyard dwellings of villages in Mentougou mountainous area and studies the in the form and the methods of construction of the dwellings profoundly, highlighting the similarities and differences between urban courtyard dwellings and mountainous courtyard dwellings.The fourth part, combining with the research results, the research selects Lingshui village as a case study, considers the rural settlements landscape and the vernacular architecture as a whole, reveals the features of vernacular architecture and rural landscape of Mentougou mountainous area in detail, finally presents a complete instance of research results.The fifth part, discuss the enlightenments of vernacular architecture and landscape of villages of Mentougou mountainous area in the west of Beijing which can be used in the construction of the new urbanization and new rural construction under the background of the era.This paper makes a certain achievements, mainly reflects in the following aspects,(a) This paper has carried on the deep analysis of the internal and external causes of formation of mountain villages of Mentougou.(b)This paper focuses on study of the villages which as a carrier of vernacular architecture and landscape as a whole.(c)Based on the measured, this paper studies vernacular architecture in the villages,(d) This paper discusses the enlightenment function by combining the vernacular architecture and landscape in the mountain villages of Mentougou with the social reality problem.