| By the techniques of RS and GIS, combined with field investigation, laboratory experiments analysis and other methods, the land use/cover change and its driving forces, different characteristics of Grain for Green Project of Hongya Countyduring2000-2010were analyzed. Through quantitative analyzing method, the ecological, economic and social benefits of Grain for Green Project werestudied. Using the analytic hierarchy process method, the overall efficiency of Grain for Green Project is evaluated comprehensive and systematically in Hongya County of Sichuan Province for this10years. The main results of the study are listed below:(1) Grain for Green Project is a main fact of land use/cover change. Through remote monitoring, after the implementation of Grain for Green Project, during2000-2010, the proportion of forest area was gradually increasing, arable landdecreasing, vegetation cover changing from low to moderate and high, soil erosion weakening gradually.Forest area increased25,714.76hectares, waters area increased1,363.43hectares, township resident land area increased227.59hectares, cultivated land area decreased13,671.38hectares,grassland area decreased11,895.88hectares.and unutilized land area decreased1,738.53hectares.The average forest coverage rate reached66.9%with an increase of17.1%, andthe average soil erosion modulus reduced4406.95t/km2·a.(2) It had enormous ecological benefits after the implementation of Grain for Green Project. Physicochemical properties of the soil, hydrological effects and other aspects of forest land returned from farmland were improved and enhanced at different degrees. Between2003and2010, the Grain for Green Project in Hongya County produced a total eco-efficiency value of3.78billion Yuan, of which the water resources protection value of19.98billion Yuan, soil conservation value of7.37billion Yuan, total carbon sequestration and oxygen production value of6.47billion Yuan, biodiversity protection value of3.55billion Yuan, environment cleaning up value of15.46million Yuan, microclimate improvement value of27.94million Yuan.(3) Grain for Green Project improves the economic efficiency significantly. Since the implementation of the project, the economic income caused by the Grain for Green Project is9.81billion Yuan totally until2010, of which the forest industry181million Yuan, the bamboo industry353million Yuan and the grass industry447million Yuan.The average output-cost ratio is2.37. In the terms of GDP and industrial structure change, the GDP increased gradually, with an average annual growth of376million Yuan and a growth rate of15.60%. The first industry ratio decreased and the secondary and tertiary industries increased proportionately. Grain for Green Project plays a promoting function on agricultural output. Planting proportion decreased, while the proportion of forestry, animal husbandry and fishery increased. The total grain sown area is22,300hm2and the grain production is138,100t in2010, which decreased23.10%and21.09%respectively compared with1998before the Grain for Green Project, but the grain production per hectare increased by0.16t/hm2. The animal husbandry output value grows year by year. The animal husbandry output value in2010is2.2times of1998, and the proportion increased to57.79%in the agricultural structure. The total and per capita income shows an overall upward trend. The per capita income of farmers increased2.73times compared with before the Grain for Green Project.(4) Grain for Green Project’s contribution to societybenefits were revealed in various aspects. In the terms of reasonable labor transformation, Grain for Green Project played a beneficial role in the labor transformation to the secondary and tertiary industries. In2010, the workers in the secondary and tertiary industries is increased by11.1%and8.39%than the year before the project, and the workers in agriculture decreased by19.55%, the number of migrant workers increased by78,100. In the terms of land structure optimization, the rural land using structure had undergone some changes from planting to a variety of business models. In the terms of living standard improvement, urban and rural living standards had been markedly improved, and entered into an overall well-off stage of development.(5) With the deepening development of Grain for Green Project, comprehensive benefit shows a rising trend, ecological, economic and social benefits are also leading to a more and more balanced development. By2010, overall efficiency index is0.62; ecological efficiency index, economic index and social index are0.65,0.63and0.52. Compared with2003, the early period of the project, the increase of the comprehensive benefits is63.16%; the increases of the ecological, economic and social efficiency are91.18%,65.78%and13.04%. The increasing speed of eco-efficiency is significantly higher than the economic and social efficiency. |
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