| The Grain for Green project is one of largest ecological constructions in China as its large investment, wide aspects considered, and complicated processes, the evaluations of its equinoctial, economical and social benefits of the project is of great importance for policy construction, sustainable land resource, and economical and social development in the Loess Plateau. The paper takes a case of study on the south Yulin city to illustrate comprehensively such effects on the Grain for Green project in the loess plateau. Based on data of forest resources Inventory and socio-economic statistical yearbook in combined with soil analysis(TN,TP,TK and SOM) and interviewing questionnaire(120 samples) with face to face , it is evaluated by pressure index on cropland and localization theory model. The paper evaluated the ecological benefits, economic benefits, social benefits and comprehensive effects for the Grain for Green Project, and some evaluable conclusions were obtained as follows:⒈Based on analysis of the dynamic changes of forest-grass vegetation, soil surface and hydrology characteristics for the Grain for Green Project, The paper evaluated the value of service function of forest ecosystem by soil and water conservation, preservation of fertility, carbon fixing oxygen replacement, biodiversity protection, dust purification and improvement of local climate in Suide, Mizhi, Jiaxian, Wubu, Qingjian and Zizhou county, are 72×10~8 yuan,83×10~8 yuan 80×10~8 yuan,116×10~8 yuan,97×10~8 yuan,91×10~8 yuan, respectively. The value of service function for the conservations of soil and fertility is the largest shares, carbon sequestration and oxygen replacement is the second, but the sum of biodiversity protection, and dust purification of in air and the improvement of local climate are less than 3%.⒉The paper analyzed contritely economic indicators of agriculture, value structure of farmers'incomes, transfer of surplus labor and GDP on or about implementing the Grain for Green Project. Using the methods of path analysis and regression analysis, the contributions of the Grain for Green Project affecting agricultural structure adjustment are 50.5%,23%,4.2%,47%,5% and 36% in Suide, Mizhi, Jiaxian, Wubu, Qingjian and Zizhou county, respectively. The transfer of surplus laboring rural areas are 2.1 persons/hm~2, 1.1 persons/hm~2, 1.1 persons/hm~2, 2.2 persons/hm~2, 0.3 person/hm~2 and 3.2persons/hm~2, respectively. The results indicate that the Grain for Green Project has been improved local economical development by adjusting production structures in rural areas.⒊The quantitative evaluation was made for the social benefit of the Grain for Green Project by using models of orientation theory and pressure index of cultivated land. The farmers'satisfactory degree to the project are 0.85, 0.91, 0.8, 0.81, 0.83and 0.82 in Suide, Mizhi, Jiaxian, Wubu, Qingjian and Zizhou county, respectively. Subsidy alleviates the pressure on food security that vary counties where population densities differ,Where pressure index of cultivated land have been higher risks in Jia county and Wubu county, and been lower levels in Mizhi, QingjianSuide and Zizhou counties.⒋Based on frequency analysis in conjunction to expert enquiry, the factors influencing the Grain for Green Project were discussed in this paper, and a comprehensive evaluation system by integrated the index of ecological effect such as soil conservation and carbon sequestration, economical benefit such as agricultural industry structure adjustment, the percentage of production value of primary industry as well as rural labor force transfer, and social benefit such as regional food security and the farmers'satisfaction for the Grain for Green Project was constructed. Using Grey Correlation Degree Analysis method, the comprehensive benefits from the Grain for Green Project was evaluated, and the sequence for the six counties was as follows: Zizhou(73.5)﹥Mizhi(73.3)﹥Wubu(67.7)﹥Qingjian(62.5)﹥Suide(59.1)﹥Jiaxian(51.3). The result indicates that integrated higher score didn't mean higher score for a single benefit, and vice versa. The evaluation based on integrated benefits for the Grain for Green Project is of great importance for ecological economical society sustainable developments.⒌Combined with the evaluations of ecological, economic, social and their comprehensive benefits from the project, this paper analyses the effectiveness of the policy and the implementing dimensions of the Grain for Green Program. The research showed that the ratio of input to output in the engineering was above 1:20, indicating high effectiveness of the project. However, the policy that grain subsidy was converted to the cash was lower for low-income farmers. The construction dimension of the Grain for Green Program affected regional food production in different extents during the period of 1998 to 2008.Based on the above research results, we suggested further improving the scientific planning and implementation of Grain for Green Program, and strengthening the financial support in future in order to consolidate the existing achievement, especially in ecological achievement.
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