Influence Of Copper Based Foliar Fertilizer Combined With Controlled-release Fertilizer On Yield Increase And Antibiosis In Vegetable And Fruit Cultivation

With the increasing of planting area, scientific fertilization and rational irrigation are theweakness of crop production, especially in N fertilization, while applying with P、K fertilizersand microelement fertilizers were neglected, the blindness fertilizer application and irrigationmethods are still followed and lead to the wasting of water and fertilizer resources and theworsening of soil in gardens, such as soil acidification, salinization and harden. It not onlylimited the increasing of vegetable and fruit yield, but also influenced the anti-disease, qualityand economic benefit, and become the important problem must be solved in present invegetable and fruit production.Field plot experiments were conducted to study the effects of copper-based foliarfertilizer and controlled-release fertilizer used for fruits and vegetables developed byourselves on growth and development of pepper and muskmelon. Based on choosing the mostsuitable concentration of the product, we focus on studying the effects on growth, protectiveenzyme activities of leave and posthavest physiology of fruit of pepper and muskmelon, inorder to find an ideal method to increase yield and improve quality of vegetables and fruits. Inaddition，the concentration range of spraying CBFF on capsicum and muskmelon, wasascertained by bacteriostatic experiments with Phytophthora capsici and Pseudomonassyringe pave. lachrymans or control effect experiments of CBFF on Phytophthora capsici.The findings provided a theoretic support and technical reference for improving theprocessing techniques and exploring the extensive of CBFF. The research results were asfollows:1. A pot experiment was conducted on pepper to evaluate the effects of copper basedfoliar fertilizers（CBFF）and controlled-release fertilizers（CRF）on the concentration of yield,quality, copper partitioning and activities of protective enzymes in plant. Pepper seedgermination experiment results showed that when the Cu2+concentration was25mg/L,pepper seed germination rate and germination index significantly increased by32.7%and61.6%compared with the control. The results also indicated that different interactions ofCBFF and CRF had significant effects on yield. The optimal combination of fertilization foryield was CBFF+CRF+W. Under the optimal application condition, yields were significantlyincreased by24.1%and29.0%, respectively in the first year (2011) and the second year(2012) compared to CKW+CRF+W. Under this condition, relative content of total phenolicand flavonoid, soluble protein and vitamin C content of pepper was significantly higher thanthe control. Compared to spraying clear water，foliar spraying copper fertilizer significantly increased copper concentration in the pepper plant. Meanwhile，the active oxygen that wasproduced by copper based foliar fertilizers leaded to an increase of superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase (POD) activities. Application of CBFF decreased the catalase (CAT)activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. In the treatment with CBFF+CRF+W, higherSOD activity was observed in the leaves of pepper. The results indicate that appropriatecombined fertilization management can increase micronutrients content in peppers andimprove the yield and nutrition quality of peppers.2. In this study, antimicrobial circle method was conducted to test the antimicrobialactivity of copper based foliar fertilizers (CBFF) and American product Kocide2000todetermine the inhibitory concentrations respectively (CBFF,0.784mg/mL,0.392mg/mL).CBFF with a concentration0.784mg/mL were inoculated to in vitro leaves, control efficacyof Phytophthora capsici was100%. The CBFF provided excellent control effect of capsicumseedling Phytophthora capsici cubensis, the control effect was57.38%at24h after sprayingCBFF. The CBFF could have a promotable effect on growth and development of plants. Plantheight, stem diameter and content of chlorophyll with CBFF treatment were significantlyincrease by130.2%,146.7%and25.1%.3. The effects of different fertilizer application on yield, nutrient uptake and soil nutrientcontent of muskmelon（Cucumis melo L.）were studied by adopting controlled releasefertilizer and copper based foliar fertilizers, taking clear water and traditional Bordeauxmixture application as contrast. The results showed that under the condition of sprayingleaves with CBFF+CRF and CBFF+ZnB+CRF, yields were significantly increased by106.3%,35.4%and106.2%,40.0%, respectively in the first year (2012) and the secondyear (2013) compared to TBM. Under this condition (CBFF+ZnB+CRF), soluble protein andfree porline content of muskmelon was significantly higher than the control. At the same time,the treatment with CBFF (or CBFF+ZnB) inhibited decomposition of chlorophy anddecreased the content of MDA and superoxide anion. At the same time, the muskmelon wastreated with CBFF obviously enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, GR,APX). Meanwhile, foliar spraying CBFF and CBFF+ZnB significantly increased copper, zincand boron concentration of muskmelon fruits. The correlation analysis indicated that, soilavailable K was correlated negatively with soil available Cu (P<0.05) and positively with soilavailable Zn (P<0.05).