The History Of Literature Thought Of Northern Dynasties

This dissertation focuses on the Literature thought of Northern Dynasties andSui Dynasty as research object. It’s purpose is to try to draw the outline of the Literarythought, and to describe the basic clue of ideological evolution, and to probe into theinterrelationship with the literature of South Dynasty at the same time, and to revealthis state’s position and effect in the history of Chinese ancient literature. Literaryideas of the Northern Dynasties and the Sui Dynasty start from focusing on literaryand beauty stab, to pay more attention to something about forms of the characteristicsand the rhythm of literature art. At last the literary ideas end up with a failure, whichrenews emphasize on literary utility function; and with the fusion of North-Southstyle. It is a transition stage which comes from South Dynasty to Tang Dynasty, andalso a intermediate link in the history of literature which we should pay more atten-tion to.In the first chapter, though the overall research on the literary creation of theSixteen Countries, the researcher finds that no matter in the creation of prose like im-perial edict, memorial table, letter or in the creation of verse such as poetry, there is atendency that the literary creation is closely related to the current politics, the style issimple and unadorned, these works pursue practical value and reflect the tendency ofthe combination of plain and practicality in literary thinking. Sixteen Countries lit-erature directly inherits from the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Western Han Dynasty,which re-emphasizes the literature’s function of cultivating people’s awareness of pol-itics, eulogizing and satirizing. And in essence,it is a kind of "express will" literatureconcept.In the second and third chapter, the author explores the basic appearance of theliterary thought in both the early stage of Northern Wei Dynasty and the period ofEmperor XiaoWen. It is considered in this dissertation that in the early stage the liter-ary thought of Northern Wei Dynasty is the persistence of Sixteen Countries’, and it isfurther strengthened the relationship between literature and politics, forming a ten-dency with pursuing a political educational function and a plain literature thought. The literature thought in early Northern Wei is inherited by the Emperor Xiaowen andthe literary circles. However, when the monarch and his subjects communicate witheach other, they often have the idea that creating of poetry is a style of taste and re-flection which belong to literati.In the fourth chapter the author studies the diversified development of the litera-ture thought pattern in the late stage of Northern Wei. At that time, there are threekinds of trends coexistence in the field of literary thought. One is Expressing the au-thors’ inner feelings, which focus on expressing the truth feeling and revealing thefuction.This actually is treated as a fashion trends of Northern Dynasty in NorthernDynasties which thinks lyric and forms are very important, and this phenomenon isalso a great shock on the literary thought that pays more attention to political educa-tion; another is to reflect the realism, which originates form the reality. The third oneis that it advocates a plain literary thought, the representative works is Yuefu Poetrywhich in Northern Dynasties shows plain in language and sorrow in its work style.The works may be deemed as representative in the Northern Literature and NorthernStyle, and the literary thought preliminary comes appearance.In the fifth chapter, the researcher uses the literary thought of Eastern Wei andNorthern Qi Dynasty as its research object, and think that Eastern Wei’s and NorthernQi’s literary thought develop from the late Northern Wei’s. The first reason is that theliterary thought of pursuing plain is formed formally; the second on is that the Southaesthetic becomes popular in literary circles, and authors come into being a literarythought which more focus on pursing the "sound and color", in the rhythm, duality,allusion, words and other forms.Yan Zhitui’s literary thought is also important in thisperiod, that is includes three anpects, the literature’s effect, the process of writing, thethought about authors ect.In the sixth chapter, the researcher uses the literary thought of Western Wei andNorthern Zhou as its research object. In this period, the literary thought is consisted ofthree parts. The first part is the changing of style of Yuwen tai and Su chuo and so on,which advocate plain style, and encourage literati imitate Shangshu and Dagao, at thesame time repelling rhetorical words. This is contrary to the literature and the literarythought; the second part is Yu Xin’s literary thought, when he arrives at Northern he appears more Northern literary style in his works, after changing,he combine theNorth-South style of writing well; the third part is the writers of Northern Zhou adoreYu Xin and imitate him, just limited in the early stage of his style of writing which iscalled "Yuxin Ti", namely pursuing rhetoric.In the last chapter, the author studies the basic situation of literary thought in SuiDynasty. Emperor Suiwen continued stylistic reform advise called by Yuwen tai andSuchuo, the effect of Emperor also advocating plain style was a extreme utilitarian-ism in literary thought, and this process in purpose, means, essence, result and otheraspects is so identical with Yuwen tai. After the emperor Suiyang ascended the throne,he gave up the standard, and putted the South-Northern style of writing together. Thiscan be considered a feature of focusing on both Southern and Northern literary style.In the influence and deriving of Emperor Suiwen, the writers in Sui Dynasty mostlyare both compatible with North and South, and forming a style of writing payingmore attention Southern and Northern literary thought, and becoming the pioneer ofthe idea of literature of the Tang Dynasty.