| Liang Qi-chao, well known as an enlightenment thinker in Chinese modern history, andthe leader of the Reform Movement of1898, his article General Discussion on Reformspronounced the beginning of a famous reform in late Qing Dynasty．As a social activist whoparticipated deeply in the progress of Chinese modernize, his politics career did not end withthe fail of Hundred Days’ Reform, his publicity about revolution affected the Revolution of1911indirectly．As a historiographer and writer, he incessantly kept on writing, left11000,000words, involving politics, historiography, philosophy, economics, journalism, law,and so on．He influenced many intellectuals of the20th century, such as Mao Ze-dong,Liang Shuming, Chien Mu, Hu Shih, Chen Tu-hsiu, LI Da-zhao．Liang Qi-chao was one ofthe most influential people in the Chinese literary arena over the last300years．Inspecting from the lay of intellectual history, Liang Qi-chao was the whole show of theHundred Days’ Reform ideological trend, his thought was the important part of intellectualhistory in Chinese modern times．Comparing with Kang You-wei’“has prejudice”, LiangQi-chao seemed “no prejudice”．Kang You-wei had criticized the caprice, but it became one ofLiang Qi-chao’ s characteristics of the mind．There was general warning signs to look forLiang Qi-chao’s change, that was changeless patriotism and the heart of saving the nation．Hecontinually regulated his thought with the introspection, accumulation and exploration,consisting of his academic idea and political thought, which had a common objective and relyon each other when they changed．So this article chooses1898-1906as the historical division,which was the time of his thought severity changed, with the change of academic idea andpolitical thought as the study viewpoint and try to expound the causes, view to finding thedeep reason and truth behind the changeable thought and character of Liang Qi-chao．The first chapter focused summary of the previous study of Liang Qi-chao’ sachievements and problems and shortcomings, and on this basis, formulated specificprogramming about the significance, goal, value, focus, difficulties, methods and means ofLiang Qi-chao’s study during1898-1906,maked study benefits and clarity as far as possible．Chapter II author mainly looking back about Liang Qi-chao’s life course．The moralnorms that one formed when he was a child, and the life experience when he enter adulthood,were crucial in the forming of his thoughts．Even living in the same social systems, aseveryone has own delicate diversity, so the objective historical image and the formativeideology and organization was incoordinate．So before discussing Liang Qi-chao’s intrinsiclogic, placing him in the specific time of the end of the nineteenth century and the beginningof the twentieth century, could writing about the origin of Liang Qi-chao’ s thought and thecourses of change in later stage．Chapter III author chosen chosed1898-1906as the historical division, which was thetime of his thought severity changed, combed Liang Qi-chao’s life experience, the interactionwith friends, the writing and letters, tidying up the information and summarize the key issueslogically, summarized four times main ideological change: the first, about the selection of government form, he experienced a changing process, that from pushing forwardconstitutional monarchy during the Hundred Days’ Reform, to standing revolution andrepublic during living in Japan, to going back to the group of constitutional monarchy after1903．The second, transformed from “respect Confucius and protect Confucius’ religion” to“respect Confucius but oppose Confucius as a kind of religion”．The third, he raised the newpeople thought, he thought saving the nation’ s people should before saving the nation．Thelast, with the influence of Japanese civilization history, he raised the new thought of “usingthe historiography to saving the nation”．Chapter IV author centre on the four transformation of Liang Qi-chao above, analysedthe courses from the education, frends, effect of Japanese social thought and the lifeexperiences, from the four angle abve, come to a conclusion：the first, he carried forward histeacher Kang You-wei during the Hundred Days’ Reform time, and gradually developedindependently．The second, during exiling in Japan, there were many friends in the samecamp, especially Huang Tsun-Hsien, they effected Liang Qi-chao deeply on the two changesaround1903．The third, it was the later stage of Meiji Restoration when Liang Qi-chao livingin Japan, there were so much enlightenment thought and ideological trend consisted in thesociety, the thought pushed Liang Qi-chao’s transmutation of thought forward．The last, whenLiang Qi-chao traveling in America in1903, he watched American politics, economy, culture,local customs and practices, found the difference between China and America, he becamedistrusting the democracy, republic and revolutionary, which he sticking to before, he shookand transferred, gave up radical revolutionary ideas and democratic republican system ofgovernment ideas absolutely, went back to the group of constitutional monarchy again．Ingeneral, great ambition made him showed his consideration on his country, Kang You-wei’swords and deeds leaded he go On the political demise, friends’ advice made him rethinkprofoundly, increasing learning made him revised his statements and actions constantly．Chapter V From the angle of Liang Qi-chao’s political thought and academic idea echoedeach other, and the author analysed their consistency in1898-1906, come to a conclusion：theinternal cause leading and run through Liang Qi-chao’s political thought, was the result thathe thinking, choosing, adjusting and sublating his own academic idea received．Accordingwith every change of political thought, there was change of academic theory also, on thecontrary when the academic theory changed, the political though changed, too．So LiangQi-chao’s political thought and his academic theory supplemented each other．At last, the author summarized the relation and effect between Liang Qi-chao’s thoughtand Chinese modernism, drew a conclusion：the changes of Liang Qi-chao’s thought during1898—1906, were the results of the modern Chinese social condition changed complexly andjumpily in early20th, were the results of he consisted finding a systematic theory that suitingfor Chinese realistic social condition．He cherished a kind of invariable patriotic feeling,devoting himself to the prosperous and strong China, his thought effected almost all the youngpeople of the whole time．... |
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