| This paper collates and annotates Weili Zhiguan Ji Qianshou published in Qin Bamboo Slips in Yuelu Academy(Ⅰ) and Shu in Qin Bamboo Slips in Yuelu Academy(Ⅱ). This thesis mainly takes the literature research method with a combination of means in bamboo slips research, Chinese paleography study, historical research, documentary study and ancient character analysis. Through collation and annotation, lots of achievements have been made as follows.一、Weili Zhiguan Ji QianshouThis collation explores the connection within this piece of Qin bamboo slips and the relevance between the piece itself and the other pieces of Qin bamboo slips. For example, as to the time of Qin bamboo Slips’transcription, the inference is drawn from the consideration of the bamboo slip’s calendar"35years"in Zhi Ri and the words with dating meaning in this paper such as "qianshou"、"zhi"duan". In the aspect of interpretation, for example,(1)59(2176+1501) A Shui liu bu tong (the water is blocked) probably has some connection with60(0854) A Wu chi qi suo(the fields are filled with water and the roads are blocked but with no dredge).(2)61(1528) A men hu nan kai(the door is hard to open)should be related to62(1529) A guan shi bu li(the key is not good to use). Probably some causal relationship or coordinative relation exists between them.The comparative reading between this paper and the same sort of documents such as Wei Li Zhi Dao (Ways of Being Officials)in Shui Hu Di Qin Bamboo Slips, Cong Zheng Zhi Jing (Ways of Being Officers) in Peking University Qin Bamboo Slips should be paid attention to. It describes the relationship between this paper and some unearthed documents such as Shui Hu Di Qin Bamboo Slips(Qin Lv shi ba Zhong、Xiao Lv、Qin Lv Za Chao、Fa Lv Da Wen)、li Ye Qin Bamboo Slips、Er Nian Lv Ling (Second-Year Laws) in Zhang Jia Shan Bamboo Slips of Han Dynasty with the related handed-down documents, trying to interpret and annotate the bamboo slips in all directions.For example,(1)62(1529)"ta xian wu chuan (the other county mustn’t deliver)"seems to be related to the delivery of the official documents. Or maybe it can be understood as "Once we have found out the official document is faked, the county mustn’t deliver it to the next one ". In the Fa Lv Wen Da of Shui Hu Di Qin Bamboo Slips, it says,"After the faked document is opened, but the soldiers don’t find it out, the two guard men should be punished’. Or maybe it can be considered as this——Not knowing the real condition, another county received the faked documents delivered by Xiangyang, after which this county had it delivered to the next county with a new seal. However, one after another, who should be punished? Xiangyang and the next other counties are all supposed to be." The piece of bamboo slips should be connected with these records.(2)79(0925) A Wu duo bu nian bie (every Liangduo should be marked with the year by the government), here "duo" seems to refer to the item used for piling rice. Nian bie(marked with the year) seems to be related to the rules of the measurement of rice. The hints can also be found in the Qin Lv shi ba Zhong. Chang Lv(18kinds of Qin laws.On Rice) in the Shui Hu Di Qin Bamboo Slips, which says cheng he yi shu yan nian, bie qi shu,yi bing ren (the rice should be marked with the year by the official document, counted separately, so it can be given out to people.)二、ShuThe first slip of the collated version1(0956) may be actually the last of Shu from the residual marks in the slips and the writing position of the titles Weili Zhiguan Ji Qianshou and Mengshu.In the division of the chapters, some big adjustments have been made. For example,(1)The related slips of "Cai (the fined money). Ma Jia(a kind of special equipment for protecting the horses)"are deleted according to the characteristics of Shu and its content.(2)Some new residual marks are added.(3)The three slips Heng Zhi(the relationship between the unit of weight)are sorted into "Zu Shui(rent and taxes)".(4) YingJun Zhi Shu (On army and troops)originally listed alone is now sorted to "Qi Ta(others)".(5) He Fen (plus)and Cheng Fen(times), originally listed alone, is changed into the part "He Fen、Jing Fen&Cheng Fen" with the new part Jing Fen(multiple)added. And it now belongs to the sort "Mian Ji (area)".(6)47(0842)、48(0757), originally listed as "Zu Shui(rent and taxes)", now belongs to "Cui Fen(proration)".(7)141(1853),originally listed as Cui Fen, and212(1655),originally listed as Ying Bu Zhu(not win enough), are now in the part of residual marks.The paper gives reasonable interpretations on some important words. For example,(1)5(0388)"wei(do)"in the "wei zhi shu"(the ways of doing something) should be interpreted as "qu"(take);(2)187(0818)"cheng"(multiple) in the "cheng fang ting shu"(method on volume or dimensions) means calculating.(3)180(0767)"tou"in the "tou cheng zhi shu"really means arrive and get.(4)147(0946)"duan gu"should be "zheng jia",or "ping jia", which refers to the state-set fair price.It also gives some suggestions on the combination, connection and the restoration of the slips. For example,(1) C060209and C020103are combined withl4 (0817+1939).(2)C410307is joined with30(0775).(3)110is divided into110(0918) and110(C100102+0882);111(C140101+1733) is split in111(C140101) and111(1733),and it makes a reliable combination, connection and restoration of the two groups of rice slips.The thesis gives perspective on "Shu", holding the belief that mathematics is an indispensable part of the Suan shu Shu (Writings on Reckoning) in Qin and Han Dynasty, with the function of illustrating the procedures, giving formulas or suggesting some problem solving methods. Some abstract "Shu" to some extent reflects the theoretical level in the Suanshu Shu in Qin and Han Dynasty. The paper analyses three different kinds of "Shu":the calculation, the abstract and the prompt, indicating the prompt is only found in Shu.This thesis reinterprets the following computational problems.(1)First, it gives an interpretation to the Shao Guang (getting the width of cuboids)computational problem in detail.(2)Then it works out YingJun Zhi Shu (On army and troops). Taking the accurate interpretation to some key bamboo slips words, such as Da Zu(the soldiers), DaZu Shut (the number of the soldiers), liang(a. unit of weight), He(sum) as the breakthrough point, Liang and He are read together, making the whole part natural and thorough; The result got from the reckoning formulas agrees with that from the writing of the remaining bamboo slips. The recovered troops are approximately a group of soldiers arranged by the form of "two heads and two wings".(3)Finally, it makes an analysis and interpretation to159(0983),by combining and calculating with158(0896), whose conclusion is proved by the melting point of iron and copper. It concludes that what this bamboo slip really tells is not about the relationship between the weight of wrought copper and price but the ratio problem between the weight of wrought copper and the charcoal used. |
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