Research On The Particle了(Le) And The Related Structure In Shanxi Dialects

The particle "了（Le）" takes an important position in the function wordswhich belong to modern Chinese, and we started to research it a long time ago, but wehave not gotten conclusions with lots of questions about it. Based on the descriptionof the particle "了（Le）" in Shanxi dialect, this paper is focused on the analysis of thephonetic forms, the grammatical meaning and the syntax distribution. We comparedthem with the mandarin, the modern Chinese and the dialects around Shanxi, so wecan have accurate conclusions with the problems about "了（Le）" as much as possible.The article is consists of five chapters. Besides the introduction and conclusion,the text is divided into three chapters, which are respectively description and analysisof the phonetic forms, syntactic forms of the particle "了（Le）" in Shanxi dialect. Wehad a research and discussion on the structure "动+将+来/去（Verb+Jiang+Lai/Qu）"and the particles expressing a meaning of "once" that are related to "来（Lai）", forthose structures and words are associated with the particle "了（Le）" Closely.In the introduction, we mainly introduced the significance, methods and materialsources of our research. We Outlined the research situation of "了（Le）" in modernChinese." This paper introduces the research issues on the problem related to "了（Le）" in and around Shanxi dialect.We mainly described and analyzed the phonetic forms of the particle "了（Le）" inShanxi dialect in the first chapter. Considering that "了（Le）" has differentcharacteristic in grammatical function in Shanxi dialect and mandarin, wedistinguished "了1（Le1）","了2（Le2）" and "了3（Le3）"from the particle "了（Le）".We analyzed the pronunciation form of the article "了（Le）" from different aspects,and we get an assumption on how it came an weak form.The second chapter is focused on the syntactic distribution and grammaticalfunctions of the particle "了（Le）" in Shanxi dialect. We described the syntacticposition of "了（Le）" when it appears in statements and imperative sentences specifically. We found out that there are two "了（Le）",one expresses"implementation",the other expresses "statement tone" and a grammatical meaning of"new situation". The dynamic auxiliary "了（Le）" in Shanxi dialects shows thedifferent characteristics from the ones in modern Chinese mandarin. In spite of thatthere are adverbs qualifying, the dynamic auxiliary "了（Le）" cannot be omitted inShanxi dialect. This chapter also makes a description about the two special usages of "了（Le）" in Shanxi dialect. We made analysis of may complement expression " VC了1","顿（儿）（Dun）","顿了1（Dun Le1）" and "顿家（Dun Jia）",which can beused after the noun, noun phrase and the verb and verb phrase to express"hypothesis".The third chapter is a description about two structures that are associated with"了（Le）" in Shanxi dialect. Considering that the characteristics of the structure "动+将+来/去（Verb+Jiang+Lai/Qu）", comparing them with other dialects and oldmandarin, we speculated that the structure "动+将+来/去（Verb+Jiang+Lai/Qu）" inShanxi dialect had chose different development road from old mandarin at leastbefore Song Dynasty. The structure "动+了+趋向补语（Verb+Le+Lai/Qu）" replacedthe structure "动+将+趋向补语（Verb+Jiang+Lai/Qu）" gradually during the Mingand Qing dynasties may because that the "了（Le）" and "将（Jiang）" are only phoneticcomponents in these structures. The particles expressing a meaning of "once" that arerelated to "来（Lai）" were also discussed in the section, they have forms such as "来（Lai）"，"来来（Lai Lai）"，"来了（Lai Le）" and "来嘅（Lai Ge）", they are usedat the end of the sentence, expressing the grammatical meaning that corresponds tothe structure "来着（Lai Zhe）" in mandarin.In the conclusion part，we summarized the main conclusions of this paper, andwe also pointed out the existing problems and shortage in this study, we indicate thedirection of our future study.