The Research On Activation,Monitoring And Aging Of Retrieval Stage Of False Memory

False memory is a phenomenon that the individual recalls the things that he has never experienced. In daily life, if we could not distinguish things that we have not seen, this will cause great trouble to our lives. Therefore, how to reduce the incidence of false memory is particularly urgent. To explore the cause of false memory has important practical significance.Why false memory can happen? There are three frameworks to explain why false memory can happen. These frameworks are activation framework, monitoring framework and activation/monitoring framework. Activation framework emphasizes that false memory was the result of learned items activating critical lures that did not actually appear. Monitoring framework emphasizes that false memory was the result of mistake in the process of decision in the retrieval stage. Activation/monitoring framework emphasizes that false memory was the result of both activation and monitoring. From processing stage, both activation and monitoring affect the coding stage and the retrieval phase of false memory. Now there are many theoretical controversies, for example, false memory was the result of activation or monitoring? Activation only affect the coding stage of false memory, and monitoring only affect the retrieval phase of false memory? Or both activation and monitoring affect the coding stage, both activation and monitoring also affect the retrieval phase of false memory?These studies focuses on the retrieval phase of false memory, we aim to evaluate the role of activation and monitoring when false memory happen in the retrieval stage, there are four researchs inclouding seven experiments.In the first research, two experiments were included. we aim to evaluate the role of activation when false memory happen in the retrieval stage. In Experiment1, there are52subjects, we manipulated one factor (the type of indication:remember and forget) design. In Experiment2, there are32subjects, we manipulated one factor (the type of part-list cuing:part-list cuing and no part-list cuing) design. In the first experiment, intentional forgetting paradigm was used to investigate whether intentional inhibition can reduce false memory. On the basis of Experiment1, in the second experiment, part-list cuing effect paradigm was used to further investigate whether intentional inhibition can reduce false memory. DRM lists were used as materials.In the second research, two experiments were included. On the basis of Research1, from aging of inhibition, we aim to further evaluate the role of activation when false memory happen in the retrieval stage. In Experiment3, there are40young subjects and40old subjects, we manipulated2(the type of indication:remember and forget)×2(age:the young and the old) design. In Experiment4, there are20young subjects and20old subjects, we manipulated2(the type of part-list cuing:part-list cuing and no part-list cuing)×2(age:the young and the old) design.In the third research, we further aim to evaluate the role of activation and monitoring when false memory happens in the retrieval stage. In the third research, two experiments were also included. In Experiment5, there are80young subjects, we manipulated2(time pressure of recognition:time pressure of recognition and no time pressure of recognition)x2(the type of part-list cuing:part-list cuing and no part-list cuing) design. In Experiment6, there are80subjects, we manipulated2(warning: warning and no warning)×2(the type of part-list cuing:part-list cuing and no part-list cuing) design.In the fourth research, we apply near infrared technology aim to evaluate the difference between true memory and false memory in the neural activity patterns. In the fourth research, one experiment was included. In Experiment7, there are18young subjects who take part in a false memory task, at the same time, we record and compare HbO, HbR and HbT of three kinds of true memory, false memory and rejecting unrelated words correctly.In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that: (1) Both intentional inhibition and unintentional inhibition can reduce false memory. The results support that there is activation when false memory happens in the retrieval stage.(2) Unintentional inhibition can reduce both true memory and false memory for the young, unintentional inhibition can also reduce both true memory and false memory for the old, but unintentional inhibition can only reduce both true memory and false memory for the young, unintentional inhibition can not reduce both true memory and false memory for the old.(3) Time pressure of recognition can improve false memory, but warning can not reduce false memory. The results support that there are activation and monitoring when false memory happens in the retrieval stage.(4) The frontal cortex and parietal cortex in some brain areas are found significant activation for true memory and rejecting unrelated words correctly. The frontal cortex in some brain areas are found significant activation for false memory. There are significant differences in the parietal cortex of the brain CH22(total) and the frontal cortex of the brain CH7(dxy) between false memory and rejecting unrelated words correctly.In conclusion, there are activation and monitoring in the retrieval stage of false memory, the present study supports the activation/monitoring framework of false memory. There are more false memories for the old. The frontal cortex in some brain areas are found significant activation for false memory. There are significant differences in the parietal cortex and the frontal cortex between false memory and rejecting unrelated words correctly.