The Research On The Institutional Transition Of The State Council In China In The Perspective Of The New Institutionalism (1954-1966)

The central government in China has experienced repeatedly adjustments and and reforms from the new country has been established. It is the critical mission that how to cmbine persisting socialism with Chinese chracteristics, with learning the achievements of westen countries effectively. Wherein, the establishing and transition of The State Council during the year of1954to1966have been the starting point of the developing course in China, which has involved in the redistribution of the relationship between the ruling party and government; the setment and transform of the government functions; the adjustment between the central and local government; and the repositioning relationship between the state and the society, etc. That means, the reform should not be placed in the process of the administrative reform, but the institutional transition of the whole country.It is a brand new perspective of studying the establishing and transforming of the State Council in new institutionalism politics perspective. The original political selection of the establishing of the State Council has been decided by the national’s institutional background, and it also affects its changing and update. Some other related political variable factors:including the economic development, interest, ideology, and international relations, etc. are in some sequence structure with the institutional reform of the State Council, which made the administrative system being in some path dependence, influences and restricts the super-ministry system.At the meanwhile, the interactive mode between the political system and the political leaders is also an important force to promote the transition of the agencies in the State Council. The leaders in the communist party had been playing an important role In deciding the political and economical structure, because of the authoritarianism system in the beginning, period of China. So, this paper has introduce the interactive relations between the political system and leaders, which has also been the innovative perspective.This paper will make the political system as a core analysis variable, and bring the institutional changing of the State Council in the paradigm of the new institutionalism, and then, investigate the founding, maintaining and transition of it in a historical perspective. At meanwhile, with the clue of Zhou-Enlai’s political behavior, this paper will draw a rational explication of the transition of the State Council in China, and provide some proposal against the super-ministry system reform in nowadays.First, I review past research and lay out the theoretical framework for my research, and raise the question that:why the super-ministry system reform has been implemented? And which path-dependence has been abided by it? Then, it will try to put forward the hypothesis that the variable sequence and the institutional environment had arrangement, and the path-dependence of the transition of the institution had intensified the result the above. The reform of the super-ministry system in nowadays is just the sticking point to transform it.which is comprised both by the institution and the political leader.Secondly, this paper has traced the history of the first, second and third session of the State Council in China from the year1954to1966. By analyzing the forming process of the cabinet in1954, the path-dependence effect, and the magnification of self-accumulate function and the institution inertia, which leaded to the appearing of the negative effect of the initial institution.The last part of the study is an analysis of the real-world problems and recommendation by applying the empirical analysis method. By means of overview the study made the summary that, the institutional transition of the State Council is a gradual progress undulation. And the reasons for the transition are the adjustments between the nation and the society, the authority alteration between the central and local governments, and the changing policies which were drafted by the ruling party. The paper has also reviewed the alteration of Zhou-Enlai’s position and terms of reference, which acting on the institutional transition.On the basis of the studies, finally, I draw basis laws and lessons as followings:1) the institutional reform should break through the inherent path-dependence, to realize the positive and negative effect in the period of the exploring in Chinese history, and to examine the advantages and disadvantages of the arrangement of the institution, which will form the benign path-dependence;2) to optimize the leadership of the ruling party in the process of the institutional transition of the State Council;3) to improve the legislation, the administration of justice,and law enforcement when put the super-ministry system reform into practice;4) to coordinate the governments’ functions comprehensively;5) to propel the reform of the governments’ organization gradually, and then, to establish some model of institutional government.