Research On The Evaluation And Application Of Elite Athlete’s Facial Expression Features During The Competition

As the sport competition become more and more fierce, both the athlete’sphysical ability and mental qualities are in the face of a great test, the athletics mentalstate of athletes during the competition has received an increasing attention as well.Athletics mental state is athletes’ metal state which be showed during the competition.It is not only the athletes’ mental reactions to the competition conditions, but also isthe background factor of their competitive behaviors. And it plays an important role inthe performance of athlete’s skill. Monitoring methods of multi-subject andmulti-field have worked and achieved a good effect. But, current monitoring methods,especially the monitoring methods of athletics mental state, have a certain lag withinvestigation and interview athletes before and after the game. At the same time,because of the situational of athletics mental state, the information collected beforeand after the game will be influenced with other factors inevitably, which may resultin imperfection and inaccuracy of the information.Therefore, Researcher try to find out athletes’ mental state with the view of onthe spot. Pre-performance routine is a good means to reveal athletes mental state bytheir performance level of their usually behaviors and which have been adopted bysport psychology workers. Another way to know athletes’ on-the-spot athletics mentalstate is the analysis of their facial expression. Facial expression feature is the mostimportant external form of mental state. During the competition, Athletes’ attention ishighly concentrated on the game, the self-consciousness monitoring of facialexpression becomes lower, so, athlete’s facial expression can reflect their athleticsmental state more truly at that time.This study analyzed athletes’ facial expression during the game with the latesttechnology, and combined with the characteristics of sports and athletes, theninterpreted the psychological meaning of facial expression, in order to reveal eliteathletes athletics mental state on the spot, and which can help grasp athletes’ mentalstate on the spot better, thus help coaches and sport psychologists implement targetedmental training for athletes and hope to provide real-time monitoring and guidance fora better coaches’ guidance and athletes’ ideal athletic performance to promote theperformance of athletics level.Results indicated that:(1) A paired-samples t-test was conducted on thesubjective experience of the target emotion induced by the six basic emotions videos,the pre-and post-test had significant difference, at the same time the score of thetarget emotion induced facial expression in every kind of emotions video from thepre-test is0and the score of the post-test had significant difference.(2) The generalfeatures of the elite divers and gymnastics’ facial expression of the skill dominatedperforming event-group are the neutral emotion being the leading factor, followed bythe emotion of sadness, and only a few athletes have their own personalized surpriseor disgust or angry of a small proportion.(3) The general features of the elitevolleyball and table tennis of skill dominated net antagonistic event-group players’facial expression is that the neutral emotion accounted for the largest proportion, andthe emotions of sadness and surprise have high proportion in facial expression; Table tennis players’ facial expression have lots of grief both after they win and lose, andthey rarely show their happiness emotion after winning; Volleyball players’ sademotion reduce and happy emotion improve after winning, and vice versa.(4) Thegeneral features of the elite basketball belonging to skill dominated antagonisticevent-group players’ facial expression after they had free throw and foul shot is thatthe neutral emotion accounted for the largest proportion; Men’s basketball team andwomen’s basketball team athletes’ facial expression about the emotion of surprise hadextremely significant difference after they had free throw and foul shot, and surpriseafter free throw is higher than after a foul, the emotion of angry after a foul is higherthan after free throw; Women’s basketball team athletes’ sad emotion had extremelysignificant difference after they had free throw and foul shot, and the emotion of sadafter a foul is higher than after free throw; Men’s basketball team and women’sbasketball team athletes in facial expression had significant difference on bothsurprise and sadness, women’s surprise is higher than men’s and men’s sad is higherthan women’s; Men’s basketball team and women’s basketball team athletes in facialexpression had significant difference on both surprise and angry, women’s surprise ishigher than men’s and men’s angry is higher than women’s.(5) The general features ofthe elite wrestling and judo of the skill dominated fighting event-group athletes’ facialexpression is that the neutral emotion accounted for around50percent; Athletes havehigher proportion of sad and surprise with a certain proportion of disgusting and angryin their facial expression.(6) The elite long jump and javelin athletes belonging tophysical fitness dominated speed-strength event-group players have the neutralemotion being the highest percentage of emotions in their facial expression, followedby sadness and surprise, and small proportion of the emotion of angry.(7) The elitesprinters and hurdlers race of physical fitness dominated speed event-group have theneutral emotion being the highest percentage of emotions in their facial expression,the sum of the proportion of sadness and surprise is beyond the neutral emotion, andsmall proportion of the emotion of fear and angry.(8) The general features of the elitemiddle and long distance runners’ facial expression belonging to the physical fitnessendurance event-group is that the neutral emotion accounted for less50percent, thesum of the proportion of sadness and surprise is close to or beyond the neutralemotion, athletes have certain proportion of angry and fear with a small proportion ofhappy in their facial expression.(9) After five rounds of on-the-spot training aboutfacial expression regulation, elite divers’ surprise and neutral emotion ratio increasedwith the increase of number of the intervention, and the proportion of sad and fearshowed a trend of decrease along with the increase of the intervention; Facialexpression regulation in the study of the elite diving athletes’ emotion regulation andmonitoring, the pre-and post-test had significant difference, performance afterintervention is much better than before; facial expression before and after theintervention had significant difference in neutral emotion, sadness and fear, and afterthe intervention the proportion of neutral emotion and surprise increase while sadnessand fear decrease.Through the analysis of the results, this study concluded that:(1)The study ofFaceReader4.0facial expression analysis system, subject experiences induced by each video have a high degree of consistency with results of facial expression analysis,showing that FaceReader4.0system has a higher effectiveness.(2)Facial expressions’general characteristics of elite divers and gymnasts belonging to skill dominatedperforming events attend games with stability and peace of mental state, generallywith a anxiety emotion which can improved arousal level. Players’ on the gameregulation ability, can be the best state own attitude adjustment to cope withcompetition. And athletes have a strong adjusting ability during competition whichcan adjust their own mind-set to a best state about dealing with competition.(3) Tokeep a stable mental state in the speed-changed games, elite volleyball players andtable tennis players belonging to skill dominated net antagonistic event-group usuallykeep a higher arousal level and focus level. Individual event players in thecompetition have a higher anxiety with a strong personality emotional characteristics.collective event players’ anxiety emotion have a fluctuation process duringcompetition, and there is a higher similarity of their emotional characteristics.(4)Elite basketball players belonging to skill dominated antagonistic event-group have astable state when they take a free throw and after committing a foul. Their focus levelin taking a free throw is higher than it after committing a foul, on the contrary, theiranger degree after committing a foul is higher than it in taking a free throw. Focuslevel of women’s basketball players is higher than which of men’s basketball playerbut anxiety degree is lower than which of men’s basketball players in taking a freethrow. Women’s basketball players’ surprise degree is higher but anger degree is lowerthan which of men’s basketball players.(5) Elite wrestler and judokas of skilldominated fighting event-group also have a stable state during competition, exceptinga higher level of arousal and focus, they show a sense of superiority andself-confidence to some degree and external performance of mobilizing their energy.(6) Elite long jumpers and javelin throwers physical fitness dominated speed-strengthevent-group led a relatively stable mental state during competition with a higherdegree of arousal and focus and a external expression of mobilizing their own energy.(7) Elite sprinters and hurdlers of physical fitness dominated speed event-group with ahigher level of anxiety, arousal and excitability as the dominant mentality duringcompetition. Sprinters’ level of arousal and excitability is higher than which ofhurdlers. Athletes of speed event-group have a high degree of desensitization andfocus.(8) Elite middle and long distance runners of physical fitness enduranceevent-group with a high level of arousal and focus as the dominant mentality duringcompetition and their level of mental tolerance is high.(9) Intervention with facialexpression regulation for mental training of elite divers on the pot is proved to beeffective preliminarily. It is also proved that facial expression regulation has a goodeffect on adjustment of athletes’ emotion and mental state in a formal game.Based on above findings, he theoretical contributions and innovations of thisstudy are: First of all, this study analyzed elite athletes’ facial expression during thegame of Olympic with the latest facial expression analysis technology, in order toanalyze athletes’ mental during competition. From the view of emotional psychology,this study can enrich research mode and technical means of emotional psychologyresearch method and can enrich facial expressions’ emotional content of emotional psychology in theory. Secondly, from the view of sport psychology, this study hasenriched the content of elite athletes’ athletics emotion during competition and mentalstate’s feature. In research method, this study has enriched means of intervention andmonitoring for elite athletes’ mental state during competition, and has expanded theresearch ideas of mental state. Thirdly, from the view of event-group theory, this studyhas enriched the intension of athletes’ mental feature and has opened up a newresearch perspective about Olympic items in event-group. Fourthly, in the applicationof elite athletes’ facial expression during competition, researcher did a caseintervention and monitoring research. From the view of sport mental training,counseling and intervention, this study can enrich the content of facial expressionadjustment theoretical and expand a new mode of operation in the technical means.Lastly, researcher did a analysis of mental state and mental intervention andmonitoring for elite athletes in the competition and training, which enriched themental intervention model in theory and empirical research of elite athletes preparingfor important games.