Structural Feature Of Motion Information Pattern And Its Central Mechanism

The lowest form of thinking is the bare recognition of the object. The highest, thecomprehensive intuition of the man who sees all things as part of a system.—PlatoThe perception of information is done by pattern recognition in human. Theso-called pattern is stimuli structures formed by a number of elements or componentsby a certain relationship to, it can be said pattern is a combination of stimuli. Patternrecognition is the process of matching between information in short term memory andlong term memory and the process of making decision about which item in the longterm memory is the best math. On what feature is this top-down process based? Thisis a question that psychologists have explored for many years. The knowledge andexperience gained by the long-term exercise of athletes, provides a unique platformfor the study of perceptual pattern recognition.Based on the related studies in the cognitive psychology, Hypothesis of thepresent study is that a technical action is a complete pattern. Temporal and spatialinformation is the key structural pattern during the pattern recognition of visualmotion. When integrating information of the moving object, its spatial position varieswith time. Temporal and spatial information is the important cues for motionrecognition.The recognition of the visual motion information depends on integrationof spatial and temporal information about the moving target. The motion informationrecognition is accompanied by visual search behavior. Visual search pattern directlyaffects the performance of recognition.Previous studies speculated the importance of visual search patterns from atheoretical point of view; however, there is little verification between behavior andmechanisms of perception. The study of motion recognition by scholars is relativelyrare, and the findings are not consistent. Although the researchers have done a largenumber of empirical studies, but we cannot describe and interpreted in detail by whatinformation pattern is motion information be recognized. By what information patterndoes the athlete recognized the motion information? What did the cerebral mechanismof this process?In this study, we based on the perspective of cognitive psychology and cognitiveneuropsychology, adopting motion information processing as the starting point, usingexpert-novice paradigm, together with the technology of event-related potentials,eye movement recording techniques and functional magnetic resonance technology,choosing table tennis players serve action recognition process as a means, to inspectthe cognitive characteristics and psychological mechanisms of athletes in the recognition process. This study will be important for the establishment of thetheoretical system of cognitive process of motion information in sports psychology, itwill also be important for exploring the central mechanisms of cognitive processing ofmotion information in-depth, it will provide a theoretical basis to improve theeffectiveness of the athletes training.The results showed:1) In the study of visual search features, table tennisathletes’ fixation duration was longer than the novice; table tennis players had theshortest fixation duration in the stage of ball flighting and the longest fixationduration in the hitting stage. There is no difference for novice gaze duration in thedifferent stages of action. There was difference in the source of information whenthey recognized the serve action. The racket and hold hand were the importantinformation source of action recognition for table tennis players. The ball was theimportant information source of action recognition for novices.2) In the study ofpattern structure validation, Under the point light vedio table tennis players havedachieved action recognition based on the key kinematic pattern.the change oftemporal and spatial information affected the performance of table tennis players,while there was no effect to novices.3) In the study of the time course of actionrecognition, compared with the novice, table tennis players evoked P1with the longerlatency in parietal and occipital lobe, N1with a larger amplitude frontal lobe.therewas larger amplitude and longer latency of P300in the occipital lobe, the sameapplied to PSW. During the900-1300ms, table tennis players evoked the smalleramplitude of LNC from frontal, parietal lobe and central lobe than that of novice.There was larger activation during the action recognition in the left hemisphere.compared to the novice, table tennis players exhibited lower coherence in bilateralparietal-frontal lobe(P3-F3and P4-F4electrodes) and parietal-temporal lobe(P3-T7and P4-T8electrodes), and between left particle lobe(P3) and left central, occipitallobe for low-alpha frequency in intra-hemispheric coherence, high-frequency alpha(left parietal-frontal lobe, parietal-temporal lobe, parietal-central lobe,parietal-occipital lobe), the same applied to lower-frequency beta; High-frequencybeta (left parietal-frontal lobe, parietal-temporal lobe);Inter-hemisphericlow-frequency alpha (frontal lobe, parietal lobe, central lobe), high-frequency alpha(parietal lobe, central lobe), low-frequency beta (parietal lobe, central lobe).4) In thestudy of cerebral activation during the action recognition, action recognition-relatedactivation was observed in the left inferior frontal gyrus, the left middle frontal gyrusand on the border between the inferior parietal lobule, the left inferior parietal gyrus,the left cingulate gyrus, the left superior temporal gyrus. Compared with novices,table tennis players showed higher activity in the Lingual gyrus and theParahippocampa gyrus.The result indicated:(1) Table tennis players showed outstanding advantagesboth in searching temporal and spatial information in the process of visual searchduring the action recognition.(2) A technical action is a complete pattern. Temporaland spatial information was the key structural pattern during the visual motion pattern recognition. The change of temporal and spatial information affected the performanceof table tennis players.(3) The time course of action recognition was as followed:0-250ms was the perceptual awareness stage,250-900ms was the stage of comparisonand analysis, and900-1300ms was the matching and identification phase of the actionrecognition. There was advantage during the action recognition in left hemispheric.(4)During the action recognition, the frontal-parietal network played an important rolefor the table tennis players.(5) Compared to novice, expert engaged in less corticalcommunication, particularly between left parietal association and frontal, central lobe.The results supported refinement of cortical functional coupling in expert.Based on the above results, the main theoretical contribution is concluded: First,the study proposed that a technical action was a complete pattern. We provedtemporal and spatial information was the key structural pattern during actionrecognition. Through the action recognition research we expanded the patternrecognition for the visual motion information. The study revealed the cognitivecharacteristics and neur-psychological mechanism of action recognition for the tabletennis players. Second, combined the feature of brain activity based on the time andthe spatial location of activation, we obtained the brain activation features and the finetime course during the action recognition. Using a combination of eye movement ERPtechnology, fMRI technology provides methodological support for further explorationof the spatial and temporal integration of athlete’s action recognition mechanism. Weuse time-frequency analysis to explore brain function coupling feature of the athleteduring action recognition. This was a innovation on the study method.