The Research Of The Income Distribution Problems During The Peirod Of Russian Economic Transition

Income Distribution is one of the permanent subjects of economy and sociology.Since it is related to economic efficiency and justice of a society，the research aboutincome distribution has become a complicated and demanding question. From AdamSmith’s Labor Theory of Value to Clark’s Theory of Marginal Productivity and fromMarx’s Theory of Distribution According to Work to Muschel’s Equilibrium priceTheory of Distribution，different economic groups have made numerous researches inthe theory of income distribution. And then，from1950s，the emphasis of theresearch has been turned to the theory of individual income distribution. And moreattention has been paid to the relationship between the gap of income and economicdevelopment. The income distribution has become the hot spot of the economicresearch.In the great change happened at the beginning of1920s，the former Soviet Unionthat had taken an important position at the stage of world，and had competed with theCapitalist world led by the United States for more than a half century announced hisdisintegration. Since then，Russia has experienced a world-shaking，unprecedented，fight-piercing and turbulent transformation period.Russia’s radical reform is relatively failing，the impulse of those romanticreformers led to a series of consequences，in which the most impressive phenomenonis the decline of income and the broadening of the income gap. However，the statisticsin recent years has showed that the problem is getting less serious. So Russia musthave taken many effective measures.At present，our reseach about Russia’s problem of income distribution in histransformational peiord is not deep enough. So in the new economic situation，howwe can use the transformational experience of Russia for reference and draw up therelated policies is the research emphasis of the government and and academic world.Therefore，the thesis analysizes the system transformation，situation of incomedistribution，the cause and effect of the income gap and the ways it has taken to release the problem.There are several important reasons why the serious differentiation happenedwhen Russia was in its transformational period， such as income distributionmechanism，economical liberalization，privatization，monopoly and governmentfunctions. And the effects from the problem also involve different aspects of nationaleconomic and political life. So it not only influences the general economicdevelopment of a country，but also impacts the daily life of all citizens，especiallytheir patterns of consumption. At the same time，the increasingly broadened incomegap also obstructs the balance and stablilty of a society.It has been generally agreed that the income gap appears in every country whenits economic development gets into a certain period of time，so each country is takingdifferent measures which suit its special situation. Taxation and social security systemare the publicly recognized measures which can effectively release the income gap.Russia also focuses on the reform of taxation and social security system. As one ofthe important means of redistribution of income in order to ajust the incomedistribution，taxation has played a great role. And it is the same case in terms ofmeasures in social security system such as employment security，retirement fund，medical insurance and social welfare.China and Russia，like other transformational countries，have many commonfeatures before their transformation. For example，both of the two countries hadcarried out the highly centralized planned economy，pursued the strategy of givingpriority to the development of heavy industry，and adopted the averaging pattern ofincome distribution. Therefore，we can definitely get some enlightenment fromRussia. First of all，we should improve our tax policy into order to make it a bettertool to balance the gap between citizens. What’smore，we need to perfect our socialsecurity system，improve the supporting dynamics and enlarge the scope of support.At the same time，the government should strengthen supervision and control. in viewof our present economic and income distribution situation，we should graduallyimprove the payment the citizens，strengthen the the adjustment for the secondaryallocation，including the taxation and social security system，and actively promote thedevelopment of the charitable cause. As a crucial complementarity of the secondary allocation，the third distribution which mainly consists of different kinds of charitablecauses is undoubtedly very important in improving People’s livelihood，promotingsocial harmony and social progress.