The Research On Flexible Employment College Students And Social Support System

As we all know, the changes in the labor market and the employment issues are not only the topics of most economists, but also attract the attentions of many sociologists and political scientists. It can be said that the issues of labor market and the employment cannot be summarized as economic issues simply, which have been the hot social issues and thorny political issues and affected public and even social stability. It has long been known as employment problem is the most important issue relating to people’s livelihood. China has the largest population in the world and very uneven labor resource distribution, so employment problems seriously affect the whole country’s social stability and economic development. In recent years, the unemployment rate in China has reached a critical value, and only relying on formal employment and traditional employment pattern cannot satisfy the realistic condition. It turns difficult to solve continuous employment pressure.Higher education has shifted from the elite education to mass education, and the university graduates faced the hitherto unknown pressure in the occupation choices. Along with the annual university graduates, and the university graduates who cannot get a job, the labor market suffered the severe test of absorbing labor ability. There are about3580thousand graduates in2005in China, and690thousand of them cannot obtain the employment opportunity. In2006, the number is more than4130thousand and the number of unemployment is about790thousand. The scale of the graduates in2010is6times the scale at the beginning of this century. The number of graduates in2011is about6600thousand, and in the Twelfth Five Year Plan period, the number will reach nearly7000thousand. Relying on the traditional employment mode cannot meet the needs of the employment demands, especially coupled with the diversification needs of labor market and enhancement of the employment initiative. The number of students participating in flexible employment has increased ceaselessly, and flexible employment has become an important choice to alleviate the college students’employment contradiction.Although the flexible employment is not new, the studies before explored mainly about the flexible employment of laid-off workers or the peasant workers. It is merely mentioned and studied about the flexible employment of college graduates though empirical and interview methods. This article attempts to explore the characteristics of college graduates’flexible employment and whether they are willing to take the initiative choice or not. The research is around the theme of status of the college graduates’flexible employment and the social support network, and puts the focus on raising measures of social support system according to the flexible employment situation. The article also discusses the system framework and social support means for implement.The article places the college graduates’flexible employment under the social transformation and globalization context, and has the theory basis on development economics, institutional economics, social system theory and social security theory. The research takes the social support as the research paradigm and explores how to construct the flexible employment formal social support system. This article combines with the macro and micro research, countermeasures study and theoretical research in order to probe the roles of government, enterprises, universities in constructing the social support system and give full play to the roles.Based on empirical analysis of prospective graduates and graduates who has engaged in flexible employment work in W city universities, this paper reveals the students’cognition of the flexible employment forms, the willingness they choose the means of flexible employment, the characteristics of college students’flexible employment, important factors influencing their job satisfaction and direction of operation. As the main body of college students’flexible employment differ from the other groups, such as laid-off workers, rural surplus labor, the long-term unemployed, the college graduates choose the flexible employment based mainly on the specific preferences of flexible employment, flexible work time, not subject to the traditional working standard restraint; and have the right to choose the field of employment according to their own preferences and skills. They also can unify the personal interests with work content and choose the flexible employment not due to the inability to obtain employment smoothly but a positive thinking selection. They mainly engaged in work of high technological contents, professional and technical ability, and cannot gain through a brief training. The forms of their flexible employment belong to the high layer.With the development of economy and the rapid growth of the tertiary industry, college students’flexible employment has shown powerful vitality, and also provided for the students with a new obtain employment channel. But they will encounter various difficulties in the employment process. Through the in-depth interviews with14university graduates, this article analyses various problems they encountered in the flexible employment process, including cognitive difficulties, employment services difficulties, employment environment difficulties, and employment ability dilemma. The article studies the concrete manifestation of these difficulties and the causes of the dilemma, validates the interview investigation with empirical analysis data, and builds data and examples of the basic in order to put forward the flexible employment of college students’ social support system.Based on the data of investigation and analysis, this article puts forward construction of formal social support system from the angle of "decent employment", makes flexible employment become more efficient, and let workers have more confidence in the employment of occupation. On the basis of the college students’ employment situation, predicament and flexible support needs for reality, the article explores construction of social support system from the government, enterprises and universities three aspects. Through the efforts of government, enterprises, and universities in three aspects, it is important to create suitable environment for flexible employment, build legal laws and regulations to protect their rights, provide preferential policies for promoting flexible employment, encourage employment occupation training, and give students more flexible employment information resources and training courses.From the aspect of government, the article puts forward that it is necessary to ensure the balance between three characteristics of labor market, namely flexibility, security and stability, and to promote employment at the same time. It is not desirable to pay attention to one point and sacrifice the other points. This requires the government to provide employment security, set the relevant labor laws, regulations and policies for flexible employers, provide social protection, maintain the harmony of the labor market, and make flexible employers enjoy economic development of the results equally. To build formal social support system for college students, the government should take the responsibility of the pivotal.As an important station from students to employers, the college has a crucial influence on their career choices. Although China has entered the era of mass higher education, there still has room for improvement on knowledge transfer and capacity-building of flexible employment. The college in the social support system needs to adjust the concept of career employment of college graduates, so that they will accept the flexible forms of employment as a choice of employment. The college should strengthen the cooperation with enterprises, access to authoritative, professional career information, build a school-enterprise platform, and promote internships and college students’ activities. It should make emphasis on professionalism for students and training of professional skills, especially the soft skills training. The college should transmit to the students the correct scientific concepts of career planning, and accept their one-to-one career advice for graduates.From the perspective of the labor market, to ease the current pressure on employment and to promote flexible employment of college students, the most effective method is to enhance their employability and competitiveness. Thus corporate support for college students’flexible employment can be realized from the perspective of employment system reform, from the traditional mode of formal employment to those who have both internal and external employment system patterns. The enterprises should have cooperation with universities, and build practical system for undergraduate. Senior business professionals share their own cognitive and knowledge about professional development in forms of seminars or workshops, and inspire students to choose career with personal experience.To build the government, enterprises and college three-in-one flexible employment support system, it needs to achieve mutual collaboration and cooperation among them. Only through these ways, can college graduates gradually realize "decent work" goals, raise the quality of employment, and increase job satisfaction.