Taxonomy Of Pluteus And Volvariella From China

Pluteus Fr.& Volvariella Speg.are common and important fungus genus with pink basidiaspores,belong to Pluteaceae,Agaicales,Basidiomycota.Intensive taxonomic work was carried out in China employing the methods of Singer(1986)and Justo(2011a).Morphological studies mainly including the review of herbarium specimens,as well as identify of specimens which were collected in recent years..As a result of studying nearly 700 collections,50 species of Pluteus and 16 species of Volvariella were recognized,including 6 new species and 13 new records to China.38 taxa(including species and varieties)of Pluteus formerly recorded from China were reexamined and reviewed,and now 2 species are excluded,6 species(and varieties)are synonyms and 2 records in China are uncertain species.While 22 taxa(including species and varieties)of Volvariella formerly recorded from China,and now 2 species are excluded,7 species(and varieties)are synonyms.The keys to genera of Pluteaceae,sections of Pluteus and species of Pluteus/Volvariella were provided.Six species were described as new to science,i.e.P.cinnabarinus T.H.Li,Jiang Xu & Fang Li.,P.griseodiscus Jiang Xu & T.H.Li,P.purpureofuscus Jiang Xu,T.H.Li & Z.W.Ge,P.striatus Jiang Xu & T.H.Li,P.vinosobrunneus T.H.Li & Jiang Xu and Volvariella rava T.H.Li & Jiang Xu.Fourteen new records to China were discovered,i.e.P.alniphilus Deparis,P.chrysaegis(Berk.& Broome)Petch,P.hongoi Singer,P.leucoborealis Justo,E.F.Malysheva,Bulyonkova & Minnis,P.padanilus Justo & C.K.Pradeep,P.pallidus Homola,P.rangifer Justo,E.F.Malysheva & Bulyonkova,P.romellii(Britzelm.)Sacc.,P.shikae Justo & E.F.Malysheva,P.sepiicolor E.F.Malysheva,P.xylophilus(Speg.)Singer,Volvariella koreana Seok,Yang S.Kim,K.M.Park,W.G.Kim,K.H.Yoo & I.C.Park,V.jamaicensis(Murrill)Shaffer and V.nullicystidiata Menolli & Capelari.Records of species P.atrofuscens Hongo,P.roseocandidus G.F.Atk.,Volvariella media(Schumach.)Singer and V.pseudovolvacea(Berk.& Broome)Singer were excluded from China for misidentification;the species Pluteus atricapillus,P.depauperatus,P.luteovirens,P.murinus,P.tricuspidatus,Volvariella parvula and V.speciosa were the synomyns of P.cervinus,P.plautus,P.chrysophaeus,P.ephebeus,P.atromarginatus,V.pusilla and V.gloiocephala.While the records of Pluteus escharites and P.exiguus were uncertain for lacking voucher specimens.The dataset of ITS and LSU were generated for molecular phylogeny analysis.Based the sequences of LSU,Monophy of Pluteaceae were not supported by molecular phylogeny analysis,even the genus Pluteus was monophy,but the genus Volvariella was polyphyletic and which need further research.While based the ITS sequences,1)monophy of the genus Pluteus was supported again,while the species with ring also belong to Pluteus cluster which were traditionally classified to genus Chamaeota(W.G.Sm.)Earle(viz.P.fenzlii and P.mammillatus);in addition,the three section(section Pluteus Fr.,section Hisperderma Fay.and section Celluloderma Fay.)of Pluteus were confirmed in the present study,and more molecular evidences were needed for the division of sections Pluteus,Hisperderma and Celluloderma by the elements of pileipellis;even the same species has a certain relevance in terms of ecological geography;2)Both of genus Volvariella and genus Volvopluteus are monophy,and the molecular phylogenetic of Volvariella revealed that the species from the same place together in the same branch.In addition,based on the type-locality,the preliminary analysis of taxonomic composition and floristic of the Pluteus from China(50 species)was carried out: more than 22 species were from Europe(44% of the total),11 species were from America(22% of the total),16 species were from Asia(32% of the total),1 species was from Africa(2% of the total);and the distribution of the Pluteus related to the areas where were rich in biodiversity.According to the Asian species(16 species,32% of the total): 4 species were form South Asia(8% of the total);12 species were from East Asia(24% of the total),and which contained three ingredients are Japan(3 species,6% of the total),Siberia of Russia(2 species,4% of the total),and China(7 species,14% of the total).This result also correlated with the regional biodiversity.