| Mineral resources belong to the non-renewable nature resources which are valuable to exploited and utilized. They occur naturally in a long geological process and are usually discovered underground while some are uplifted to the surface by geotectonic movement. They serve as the economic foundation for sustainable development of society, the important material sources for people's wellbeing and the guarantee for national security. The quantity demand is increasing rapidly along with the proposing of ?Industry 4.0?, the coming of the fourth industrial revolution, the development of modern ecological agricultural, the achievement of Chinese Dream by military industry and the pursuit of material and spiritual civilization.China is a resource-poor countrie which mineral resources are various and abundant with low per capita, rich lean ore and rare bonanza with difficult development, more symbiotic associated ore deposit and less single deposit with wider range of distribution and uneven. Excessive mining dig phenomenon often occurs and the surface environment of earth is changed and destroyed in the process of mining development, because of the extensive way of mining mineral resources in China, the production management mode of weighting interest and lighting green in mining enterprises and failure to supervise of management department, which leaded to serious influence and pollution of lithosphere, atmosphere, biosphere and water directly or indirectly, also brought a series of geological hazards such as surface collapse, landslide and debris flow. It affected the social production and hindered the sustainable economic development. The balance of mining production and environmental protection is a difficult problem to be solved.Mining geological environment is one of the common environmental problems in the process of development and utilization of mineral resources, for example, a large number of agricultural and construction lands were taked up by open pit and solid waste which caused serious pollution of water bodies and potential geological disasters such as landslide and debris flow hazards. The formation of underground mining caused land subsidence and ground fissures also. A series of laws and regulations about the mineral resources planning and mine environmental protection were implemented in China which emphysize the monitoring and evaluation of mining geological environment. The traditional mining survey is a method with time-consuming, weaked economic benefit and poor survey precision, so new methods of mine geological environment monitoring need to be established, which can satisfy the requirement of mining monitoring to grasp mining geological environment informations of present situation and dynamic in China.Remote sensing(RS) technology with shot observation period can make a real-time observation of the surface, and its special band is not affected by the climate executable monitored 24 hours a day. With the rapid development of remote sensing, its spectral resolution, spatial resolution and time resolution is increasing, especially independent research and development of Chinese resources and high resolution series satellites, that has been successfully applied to atmospheric and water pollution monitoring, investigation of land use, vegetation monitoring and state of the union monitoring, etc.. So the application in many fields of remote sensing technology will provide a new opportunity for mining geological environment investigation.Geographic information system(GIS) which with geographic data of collection, storage, management, operation, analysis and display is the tool of analysis, identification and extraction of remote sensing information, it is also the transformation channel of mining geological environment information. Under the background of big data era, it is imperative to construct the digital mine based on GIS which provide reliable storage and management mechanism for huge amounts of multi-source heterogeneous mine environment data. The data acquisition, information extraction, analysis and results showing of mining geological environment monitoring system were formed based on RS and GIS.The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is the world famous township of the open-pit coal mine. Jungar Banner which is one the five biggest open-pit coal mine area in China is selected as the research area, and the high-resolution satellite remote sensing monitoring data of QuickBird in 2007 and WorldView2 in 2012 were selected as the original data and end data sources to carry out of the methods and theoretical research of mine geological environment dynamic monitoring and evaluation for this study. The mine geological environmental dynamic remote sensing monitoring and evaluation information system(MGEGIS) was designed and developed based on the principle of GIS and technology method of plug-in application program. The results were obtained as follows.1. The topography, weather, hydrology, soil vegetation, stratigraphic lithology and geological structure of research district were comprehensive analysised. According to the present situation of mining development geological environment, the dynamic monitoring purpose and content of mine geological environment were determined. The classification comparison method and compared after classification of remote sensing monitoring dynamic methods were summarized based on the the current situation of remote sensing technology in mining geological environment monitoring. The advantages and disadvantages of remote sensing information classification post change detection and change detection based on multi-temporal remote sensing images directly were comparied and analysed. In view of the mining conditions, the monitoring data features and dynamic monitoring accuracy requirement, the first method was selected to detect changes of typical mine geological environment which has a bigger artificial subjective component, but it avoid the remote sensing information recognition from synonyms spectrum and the bondage of remote sensing data characteristics, computer performance and image processing software for the high resolution remote sensing data. To some extent, it improved the mine geological environment dynamic monitoring of the efficiency and accuracy due to the advantages of strong operability and high flexibility.2. Mining geological environment dynamic monitoring mode was proposed. The presence informations of mining geological environment were extracted from each monitoring period, the dynamic monitoring of mining geological environment was achieved through node search, property distribution and topology reconfiguration to detect the areas change and types transfer of the original and end mining geological environment graphic elements based on the principle and method of calculating geometric primitives intersection methods. In order to achieve multidimensional dynamic monitoring of mining geological environment, the dynamic statistical analysis mathematical model of varying degrees and transition matrix at different spatial unit was builded to figure out the number changes of mining geological environments and the adjacency degree index was introduced to check and predict the types transfer dynamic and trend. Geo-information atlas expression and thematic analysis of each mining areas change magnitude and comprehensive dynamic degree were used to reflect the spatiotemporal layout of mining geological environment in monitoring period. By the gravity coordinate distribution of different mining geological environments to reveal its temporal evolution trend. The results of mining geological environment dynamic monitoring in Jungar Banner from 2007 to 2012 based on this method which visually revealed the areas of geological environments such as pits, waste dumps and restore areas changed most significantly. The northwest regional environmental management effort was greater than mine development effort instead of temporal and spatial pattern in southeast region. The mining model of development and governance was developed from the Northwest to the Southeast.3. With the study of the mining geological environment present situation and dynamic by remote sensing monitoring, the evaluation index of dynamic changes which include pollution variation, governance variation and comprehensive dynamic degree was introduced into the traditional evaluation system of natural geography,based geology, development present situation to establish the new mining geological environment comprehensive evaluation system. The reasonable evaluation units were divided and the weight of each evaluation indicators were distributed through analytic hierarchy process(AHP) combined with the experience of experts to calculate the comprehensive scores of mine geological environment in the research district by index weight analysis method. According to the classification standard, the levels were divised and mine geological environment quality was evaluated. The mining geological environment comprehensive evaluation results of 2012 in Jungar Banner based on remote sensing reflected mining geological environments of mine development impact and the damage to the surface, The introducing of dynamic evaluation index further revealed the dynamic changes of opencast mine area and the mining solid waste for the influence of mining area geological environment quality, while severely reflected the regional spatial distribution of Northwest- Southeast pattern which was same as mining geological environment dynamic monitoring results.4. In view of the mine geological environment data characteristics of multi-source heterogeneous and mass confusion, the effect of mining on the surface was converted into database record information which can be recognized by computer. The mining geological environment datas related to image, situation, dynamic, basic geographic and reserve were grouped and layered as different monitoring units by using raster/vector mixed data model and the GIS channel of data model and relational database was established by spatial database engine(SDE),in addition, the monitoring information, mining rights information, geological environment status and dynamic information was recorded by two-dimensional table.Finally, the multi-dimensional spatio-temporal database of space dimension, thematic dimension and time dimension was constructed to realize of the data add, update, and query of scientific management and reasonable storage of mining geological environments.5. The mining geological environment dynamic monitoring by remote sensing and evaluation information system was designed and developmented. From the aspects of modularization and dynamic to research the system structure and operation mode, the system architecture was divided into operating system layer, basic framework layer, application framework layer, data layer and presentation layer based on the model-view-controller(MVC) design pattern. The presentation layer and business logic layer of system were separated by the plug-in technology. In order to ensure the application system of high polymerization and low coupling with lightweight host programs and flexible plug, the plug-in engine and a host program were designed, the plug-in framework with information extraction, dynamic monitoring, environmental assessment, data storage, data query and results drawing were builded. The reflection mechanism was used to achieve the plug-in objects loaded and instantiated dynamically, which is the presentation and extensions of information system specific functions. Dynamic monitoring and comprehensive evaluation of mining geological environment were performed based on the plug-in application in Jungar Banner, the result visually revealed the dynamic changes of mining geological environment and the quality of the degree of the research district, it provided the basis informations and decision-making support for mineral resources utilization and ecological environment governance.6. As a practical technology system, the technical methods of dynamic monitoring and evaluation by RS and GIS of mining geological environment can provide the theoretical methods and technical reserves for mine geological environment survey in mines of different mining methods and types. The plug-in type mine geological environment dynamic remote sensing monitoring and evaluation information system will be a set of operational and practical service decision system to provide new ideas for the relevant professional design and construction of geographic information system. |
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