| Non-road mobile source,including non-road machinery and marine source,is the main target in the Air Pollution Control Action Plan for its large emissions of SO2,NOx and PM.Thus,accurately quantifying the emission pattern from non-road mobile source is conductive to formulating robust emissions control strategies within the Domestic Emission Control Area(DECA),air quality improvement and public health protection.However,studies on nonroad mobile sources in China is still limited.In this study,we conducted a comprehensive study on non-road mobile source in China with respect to the methodology of emission estimation for non-road mobile sources,emissions chemical composition,historical emission trends,emission pattern and air quality impact assessment.(1)Emission factors and species profiles of four kinds of typical engineering machinery with mechanical type,power distribution,working conditions and emission standards were established and compared by in-situ sampling.Results showed that the proportion of substandard oil quality and emissions were higher than 30% and 65%.(2)We developed a new emission estimation method for non-road machines and marine emissions,which can effectively overcome the shortcomings of insufficient AIS(Automatic Identification System)data in most emission study in China.(3)By using the unit-based database and AIS database,emissions of SO2,NOx,CO,PM10,PM2.5 and VOC from non-road mobile sources in China from 2004 to 2013 were developed.The total emissions from non-road mobile sources in China in 2013 were 1018 kt,3597 kt,1423 kt,263 kt,242 kt and 389 kt,accounting for 3%,12%,1%,1%,2% and 1% of the total anthropogenic emissions,respectively.Of the total anthropogenic emissions in coastal cities,SO2 and NOx emissions from ship sectors within 200 nautical miles(Nm)offshore contributed approximate 10%.As for the annual emission trends,the increase rates(33% and 79%)of SO2 and NOx emissions from non-road mobile sources were lower than the increase rate(87%)of energy consumption due to the improvement of oil quality and new emissions standards.(4)According to ship fuel consumption forecasted by IEA(International Energy Agency)and national plans of non-road machinery industry development,the total fuel consumption of non-road mobile sources would increase by 43% during 2013-2020.Without any control strategies,the SO2 and NOx emissions from non-road mobile sources would reached to 1126 kt and 4005 kt in 2020,respectively.The implementation of the proposed DECA policy in China and National ? emissions Standard of non-road machines could reduce 20% SO2 and 30% NOx emissions.(5)CMAQ model were applied to evaluating the air quality impacts of non-road mobile emissions.The air quality impact was high in the northern part and coastal areas in China and showed obvious seasonal variation pattern.Among the criteria air pollutants,the non-road mobile emissions impact NO2 and SO2 most,with the contribution percentage of 25% and 10% respectively,followed by PM2.5,with contribution percentage of 4%. |
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