Approaching Feeder Bus Network Design And Operating Scheme Linked With The Urban Rail Transit

The idea of designing an attractive public transport system is stemming from the need to overcome the problem of traffic congestion and environment pollution associated with traffic sector in large cities. An integrated public transport system, with synchronized transfers, punctuality, high level service and low emissions, will be of great importance to advance the operation of the urban traffic. Nevertheless, problems can not be absolutely solved just by carrying out a system with a main urban rail transit and a low performance ground transit involved. In general, the worldwide are frequently suffering from a delayed schedule,long waiting times,inefficient movements and high carbon dioxide emissions. The crucial point in the public transport operation is to be settled is that, disintegrated between transport agencies, inefficient synchronization,over-crowding passengers, only single bus type, and waste of operational resource. For the moment, besides the problem of not integrated but isolated, there is also a great gap to be bridged between the advanced operation and management public transport system and ours. To solve the problems mentioned above is to develop an efficient integrated transit system. Using such systems can not only provide a guide and an evaluation method on building, integrating, and optimizing the public transport resources, but also an vital way to establish a harmonious relationship between passengers and traffic. We have reviewed the literature in and abroad on Feeder Bus Network Planning problems,Frequency Setting problems and Timetabling problem. Theoretical framework and representative methodology on public transit planning and operation also have been listed, the weakness and inadequacy are stated, and then approaching the feeder bus network design and operating scheme linked with the urban rail transit station is determined as the primary contents in our research. Main constructions are listed as follows:(1) Firstly in this dissertation, a feeder bus network design problem with the consideration of the elastic demand is presented. A bi-level programming model is established based on the research of the Initial Candidate Routes Generation and the Assignment Model based on the Route Choice Model. The methodology employed in the upper level considers simultaneously the costs to the users and operator on the one hand, and the number of the private car travelers as well. The 0/1 variable is used to optimize the combinational candidate route in the network, optimal frequency and vehicle type schemes are optimized simultaneously subject to the fleet size. At the lower level there is a Logit model allocating passenger flow for multi modes feeder the urban rail transit, which are used to calculate the objective values of the upper level. A bi-level genetic algorithm is employed to solve the problem. The simulated and the test example confirm the feasibility of the proposed methodology, and a detailed analysis is provided on the influence of the network scale and the fleet size on the line layouts and operational scheme.(2) Secondly, based on the recognition of the current serious polluted condition, an optimization model for sizing the buses and setting frequencies on each route in the system is proposed to meet the strict energy efficiency and pollutant reduction targets.The formulation is designed to add cost to the users and operator, and emissions to the objective, which optimizes frequency and bus type on each route in accordance with observed levels of demand and characteristic of the line. The model then determines which of these services should be offered at what frequencies and with which type of vehicles in accordance with the premises the fixed fleet number. A case study in which the model is applied to a real-world case of a feeder bus network in Beijing, China, is presented and several performance indicators are presented to verify the effect and efficiency of the model and algorithm. Results indicate that optimized frequencies and the vehicle scheduling can not only decrease the fleet size, but also lessen the emissions,enhancing the green effect of the public transport.(3) Finally, a method of integrating vehicle purchase decision with timetabling is proposed to provide the guidance on purchasing the new energy vehicles and clean energy vehicles to adjust the fleet configuration. A multi-objective programming model is used to combine vehicle purchase, departure times from the terminal, and dispatched vehicle type, with the objective is to minimize the cost to the users, operator, and the government, limited by capital budget, demand and vehicle capacity.In the first place,the purchased quality is optimized under capital budget constraint. In the second place,enumeration method and improved genetic algoritlhm are applied to generate even headway timetable and uneven headway timetable, respectively. Both timetables include the departure time and the dispatched vehicle type. At last the suggested model is applied to a feeder bus corridor in the city of Beijing, is presented and the results are proved the feasibility of the proposed model and algorithm. Also, the model is used on four scenarios, an even headway timetable with a single vehicle type and mixed vehicle types, a uneven headway timetable with a single vehicle type and hybrid vehicle types,and the results of the scenarios are analyzed and compared. Results suggest that,compared to the other scenarios, the one with the hybrid vehicle type could better meet the time dependent demand, and balance the cost between operator and government,which will be the scientific evidence for the operator to adjust the fleet configuration.