Cognition On Traditional Spatial Philosophy Of Mountain Human Settlements

Wu Liangyong,the academician of CAS and CAE,has issued an academic question about Shan-shui cultural system,which is the construction law,operation principle of Chinese Shan-shui cultural system is yet to be developed,during constructing the sciences of human settlements.In 2013,facing a series of ecological crises and cultural problems resulting from rapid urbanization over 30 years,Chinese central government has set up a strategic mission,which enhanced the importance of the development of ecological civilization and inheritance of traditional culture.Till then,a realistic foundation is ready for further systematic study of Shan-shui cultural system and transforms it into an academic project of modern practical value.Under the sciences of human settlements,Shan-shui cultural system is subordinated to the realm of the spatial philosophy of mountainous human settlements.At first,the thesis,comparing the research achievements of modern and contemporary Chinese philosophical methodology and choosing four basic philosophical matters(Cosmology,Theory of Value,GUN FU LUM,GIN GEI LUM)and four basic philosophy schools(Shamanism,Confucianism,Taoism and Buddhism)as physical locating tools,classifies relating literature of Shan-shui cultural system,and clarifies their relations.Then,surrounding practical cognition of mountain human settlements' traditional spatial philosophy,the author separately studies 12 historical cities(Chongqing,Dujiangyan,Wenzhou,Fuzhou,Langzhong,Beijing,Nanjing,Chengdu,Lijiang,Suzhou,Hangzhou and Dali),on their historical organization of spatial GIN GEI,and gets a more specific,multiple and comprehensive practical cognition.To sum up,there are six arguments that,1.The process of traditional spatial philosophy of mountain human settlements intervening into spatial practice can be understood as the process of spatial practice subject's answering to the fundamental philosophical questions of Cosmology,Theory of Value,GUN FU LUM,GIN GEI LUM.2.If metaphysics of spatial practice subject is different,then the answer to the four fundamental philosophical questions is different.Shamanism,Confucianism,Taoism and Buddhism represent four different types of metaphysics in Chinese philosophical history.So,traditional spatial philosophy of mountain human settlements can be interpreted based on of Four Level(four types of metaphysics)-Four Quad(four fundamental philosophical questions)-Structure.3.In the multiple Shan-shui metaphysics,Shan-shui is spatial hub of things and common analogy object of value,which is the philosophical root of Shan-shui cultural system.4.Traditional life practice and spatial practice share several sets of Shan-shui metaphysics,have the same entrance to metaphysics,and conducts the two practices into three similar operational models,forming three pairs of corresponding relationships.5.The formation of explicit-implicit Shan-shui system simultaneously relates to material and spiritual areas of spatial practice,covering six types of Shan-shui spatial GIN GEI(Material Shan-shui,Divine Shan-shui,Moral Shan-shui,Free Shan-shui,Prajna Shan-shui and Bodhi Shan-shui).6.Cultural foundation decides Material Shan-shui or Divine Shan-shui is the starting point of most practices;Moral Shan-shui re-constructs and re-interprets existing Divine Shan-shui spatial pattern;Free Shan-shui,Prajna Shan-shui and Bodhi Shan-shui are embedded and unstable;among the six Shan-shui GIN GEI,there are some historical organizations of camouflage,iteration,overlap,compromise,dislocation,melted and embedded;from Han dynasty to Qing dynasty,traditional spatial practice of mountain human settlements are rooted in original spatial philosophy,taking Confucian philosophy as the main body and Taoist and Buddhist philosophies as supplement.It concludes that Shan-shui cultural system was a web of significance that Chinese people themselves have spun for traditional spatial practice of mountain human settlements.Its value to modern spatial practice may supported by modern spatial creation,explain sense of security,belonging,comfort,pleasure and sense of history according with cognitive habits(method)of traditional Chinese people,and resulting activities of aesthetics,ethics and philosophy.