| The high-rise and high-density development of urban residential areas is an important way to improve land use efficiency,which is accorded with the objective needs of urbanization in China,and is the main direction of future residential development.In the stage of the rapid development of the city,the low quality of living environment has been exposed in high-rise and high-density residential area.Acoustic environment,as a weak link of the system has not been paid utmost attention.The noise problem has seriously affected the physical and mental health of the residents,it is necessary to carry out a more detailed targeted study.In this paper,the design method and strategy of high density residential areas with the aim of acoustic environment optimization are proposed,which could provide a variety of perspectives and ideas to improve the quality of living environment.Taking the high density residential area as the research object,the spatial and temporal characteristics of the main noise sources in residential areas are analyzed by using autocorrelation function and interaural cross-correlation function.Then,through the subjective evaluation of laboratory experiment,it is found that there is a strong relationship between the subjective evaluation,the noise exposure level and the spatial characteristics of the noise source,and this internal relation has also been influenced by the space information of residential area.Moreover,by combining with the commonly used indicators in the planning and design,the spatial information of the high density residential area is converted into the form factors and environmental factors.The SoundPLAN software is used to simulate the acoustic environment of residential area models which are different from form factors,and three indexes were proposed to evaluate the level of noise exposure.The effects of various factors on the distribution of noise exposure were determined by means of significance test of difference and correlation analysis,and acoustic environment prediction model which is based on form factors is established by using factor analysis and regression analysis.The core factors affecting the subjective evaluation of acoustic environment are extracted by using questionnaire survey and measurement of environmental factors.The law of the interaction between environmental factors and acoustic environment is revealed and acoustic environment evaluation model which is based on environmental factors is established.Finally,in order to achieve the combination of acoustic environment optimization and urban design,this paper explores the detailed methods and strategies for the layout and environmental design of high-rise and high-density residential area through the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods.The following research results have been achieved:(1)The spatial and temporal characteristics of the noise sources are analyzed.In addition to the traditional evaluation index of noise exposure level,the influence of the space information of the residential area on the noise characteristics will also be the subjective evaluation of the acoustic environment.(2)The space information of high-rise and high-density residential area is divided into form factors and environmental factors.The index system of influencing the acoustic environment of residential area is analyzed,which provides a new idea for improving the acoustic environment and evaluation of residential area.(3)The mechanism among the key factors of the space information of residential area,the acoustic environment and its evaluation are defined,and the prediction and evaluation model of the acoustic environment which are based on the form factors and environmental factors in the high-rise and high-density residential area have been respectively established.(4)Lots of design methods and strategies of high-rise and high-density residential area are proposed from the following two aspects: layout and environmental design. |
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