| Objective: To explore the rules and characteristics of occupational stress about young soldiers from Xinjiang military region in their basic military training, and reveal the effect of occupational stress on their physical and mental health. To study the temporal and spatial distribution of environmental harmful factors within the sealed cabin of mechanical equipments, and analyze the effect this special military occupational stress on the health of military personnel. To evaluate the occupational stress status and its influencing factors about the military personnel stationed in Xinjiang plateau, high cold region and drought desert region. To evaluate occupational stress intervention effect about occupational stress on the military personnel. Methods: According to the content of the research, the surveys were divided into four stages, all subjects are extracted using multi-stage stratified random sampling. The first stage, Chinese version of the Occupational stress inventory revised edition(OSI-R), effort reward imbalance questionnaire(ERI), Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey(MBI-GS), Self-rating depression scale(SDS), Self-rating anxiety scale(SAS), Psychological stress self evaluation test(PEST) and Chinese Version of Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI) questionnaire were used to survey 625 subjects that came from Xinjiang military region, the questionnaires and scales were used by others in China and other countries previously, and were proved to have good reliability and validity. The urine and saliva sample of the subjects were collected to detect the objective indicators related to occupational stress, cognitive ability evaluation was conducted at the same time. The relationship about data was analyzed. The second stage, physical and chemical environmental harmful factors within the sealed space of mechanical equipments were detected in normal training conditions. 350 military personnel working within the sealed space of mechanical equipments were chosen as observation group, and 350 military personnel that not working within the sealed space of mechanical equipments of the same forces were chosen as control group. Effort reward imbalance questionnaire(ERI),Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire(MSQ), Short-Form Health Survey Scale(SF-36)were used to survey the 700 subjects, The urine sample of the subjects were collected to detect Vanillymandelic Acid(VMA). The third stage, military personnel stationed in Xinjiang plateau, high cold region and drought desert region were chosen as subject, that stationed in Urumqi were chosen as control, job stress were evaluated by the Job Stress Survey(JSS), the job burnout were evaluated by the Chinese Maslach Burnout Inventory,CMBI(CMBI), the fatigue were evaluated by the Chinese version multidimensional fatigue inventory(MFI-20), anxiety were evaluated by the self-rating anxiety scale(SAS)and trait coping style by the were evaluated by the Trait Coping Style Questionnaire(TCSQ). Data were statistical analyzed. The fourth stage, Hypertext Preprocessor(PHP),relational database management system(MYSQL) and services based on open source web server(APACHE) were used to build military occupational stress intervention network platform, 240 military personnel in a certain force were chosen as subjects, the military occupational stress intervention lasted for three months, and the data were compared before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed by the software of SPSS, version21.0, All tests were two-tailed, with a significance level of 0.05. Results:(1) The young recruits' occupational stress status: according to different demographic information characteristics, the occupational stress of the city group was higher than rural group,coping ability against stress of students identity group before joining the army was higher than non-students identity group, the occupational stress of the smoking group was higher than non-smoking group, coping ability against stress of non-smoking group was higher than smoking group.(2) The relationship between occupational stress and psychological indices of the young recruits: higher degree of occupational stress meant poorer mental health, more coping resources meant better mental health. The high score of personal strain questionnaire was a risk factor for depression, the high score of personal resources questionnaire was the protection factor in depression. Pre-enlistment place of residence in city(town), the high score of psychological strain(PSY), Physical strain(PHS) were risk factors for anxiety, The high score of Personal strain questionnaire was risk factors of Psychological stress self evaluation test(PEST). mental health status of the recruits was not optimistic, Occupational role questionnaire(ORQ) and its six sub-scales: Role overload(RO), Role insufficiency(RI), Role ambiguity(RA), Role boundary(RB),Responsibility(R), Physical environment(PE) were positive correlated with score s of SAS, SDS and PEST. Personal strain questionnaire(PSQ) and its six sub-scales:Vocational strain(VS), Psychological strain(PSY), Interpersonal strain(IS) and Physical strain(PHS) were positive correlated with scores of SAS, SDS and PEST.(3) Therelationship between occupational stress and cognitive ability and the quality of sleep of the young recruits: there was some relationship between the score of effort reward imbalance questionnaire(ERI) and the score of Digital Search Test. The score of reward was positive correlated with scores and amount of correction of Digital Search Test, while The score of Over-commitment was negative correlated with scores of Digital Search Test.The score of PSQI was higher than that of general Chinese men, quality of sleep of the recruits was not optimistic. Proportion of individuals with sleep disorder was higher than the proportion of the general Chinese men. The subjects with high score of Overcommitment and ERI were poor in quality of sleep, while with high score of reward were good in quality of sleep. on students identity before join the army, over-commitment and effort reward imbalance were risk factors of low sleep quality. Compared with Digital Search Test, the effect of occupational stress on the quality of sleep was more significant.(4) The relation between occupational stress and physiological indices: There was a close relationship between higher level of occupational stress and higher level of salivary SIgA.The relationship between weaker coping ability against stress and higher level of salivary SIgA was existed. In ERI model, The level of urinal 17-OHCS in high reward group was lower than low reward group. The level of urinal 17-OHCS in high ERI group was lower than low ERI group. Compared with salivary SIgA, the relation between urinal 17-OHCS and ERI model was closer and more sensitive.(5) Effect of occupational factors on quality of life about young recruits: The score of quality of life item from high to low in turn were Physical Functioning(PF)>Role-Physical(RP)>Physical component summary(PCS)>Social Functioning(SF) > General Health(GH) > Role-Emotional(RE) > Mental component summary(MCS)>Reported Health Transition(HT)>Vitality(VT)>Mental Health(MH)>Bodily Pain(BP). According to demographic information characteristics,the scores of physical functioning, role physical and physical component summary of the smoking group were lower than non-smoking group. Expect reported health transition,there were negatively correlated about emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and other SF-36 scales. There were negatively correlated about personal accomplishment and SF-36 scale vitality, role emotional, mental health and mental component summary. Job satisfaction and quality of life was positively correlated. Regression analysis showed that emotional exhaustion, Minnesota external satisfaction as the independent variable, had the impact on PCS, the difference was statistically significant. Emotional exhaustion,Pre-enlistment place of residence, Minnesota external satisfaction as the independent variable, had the impact on MCS, the difference was statistically significant.(6) Thefactors that influence occupational stress and its results: The score of social support and reward was higher in high Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support(MSPSS)than low MSPSS group, while the score of effort and ERI index was lower. MSPSS score was correlated positively with the third subscale of the job content questionnaire(JCQ)and subscale scores reward of the Effort reward imbalance questionnaire(ERI), negatively with subscale scores of effort, overcommient and ERI index. The score of personal accomplishment(PA) was lower in high score group of General Self-Efficacy Scale(GSES). The score of Intrinsic Satisfaction(IS), Extrinsic Satisfaction(ES) and General Satisfaction(GS) was higher in high score group of General Self-Efficacy Scale. GSES score was correlated negatively with the subscale scores of MBI-GS: Emotional Exhaustion(EE), Depersonalization(D) and Personal Accomplishment(PA). GSES score was correlated positively with the subscale scores of Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire(MSQ): Intrinsic Satisfaction(IS), Extrinsic Satisfaction(ES) and General Satisfaction(GS).(7) The environmental monitoring results within the sealed space of mechanical equipments: the noise, vibration and dust in the sealed space of mechanical equipments were prominent occupational harmful problems. After the engine start running, noise and vibration gradually increased and maintained relative stability with the extension of time.The concentration of dust, CO2, NH3 and NO2 was low at firstly, and then increased with the extension of time.(8) Occupational stress and its impact on military personnel working within the sealed space of mechanical equipments: according to the demographic variables, the effort score and the ERI index of college or above education group was higher than that of high school or less group, the effort, over-commitment scores and the ERI index of officers group was significantly higher than that of sergeancy and soldier group, while the reward score of officers group was significantly lower than that of sergeancy and soldier group. The scores of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment in low effort group were lower than that of high effort group.The scores of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment in low reward group were higher than that of low reward group. The scores of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization in low over-commitment group were lower than that of high over-commitment group. The scores of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization in ERI index < 1 group were lower than that of ERI index?1 group. The scores of intrinsic satisfaction and extrinsic satisfaction in low effort group were higher than that of high effort group. The scores of intrinsic satisfaction and extrinsic satisfaction in low reward group were lower than that of low reward group. The scores of intrinsic satisfaction andextrinsic satisfaction in low over-commitment group were higher than that of high over-commitment group. The scores of intrinsic satisfaction and extrinsic satisfaction in ERI index<1 group were higher than that of ERI index?1 group. Fixed the demographic variables, the regression of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment were 0.551, 0.498 and 0.376 respectively with the introduction of ERI.Fixed the demographic variables, the regression of intrinsic satisfaction, extrinsic satisfaction and general satisfaction were 0.361, 0.479 and 0.231 respectively with the introduction of ERI.(9) The relation between occupational stress and Vanillymandelic Acid(VMA): the level of urinal VMA in high effort group was higher than low effort group. The level of urinal VMA in high over-commitment group was higher than low over-commitment group. over-commitment score was correlated positively with the level of urinal VMA.(10) The quality of life about military personnel working within the sealed space of t mechanical equipments: the scores of General Health(GH), Physical component summary(PCS) and Mental component summary(MCS) in College or more education group were lower than that in high school or less education group. The scores of General Health(GH), Reported Health Transition(HT), Physical component summary(PCS) and Mental component summary(MCS) in officer group were lower than that in sergeancy or soldier group. The effect of ERI on the quality of life, the more of effort, the worse of quality of life, the more reward, the better of quality of life, the results showed that occupational stress had a important effect on military personnel working within the sealed space of mechanical equipments, and the higher degree of occupational stress, the worse of quality of life.(11) Occupational stress and quality of life comparison between observation and control group: The scores of personal accomplishment, effort and job demand in observation group were higher than that in control group, while the scores of reward, extrinsic satisfaction, and control latitude in observation group were lower than that in control group. The scores of Role-Physical(RP), Bodily Pain(BP), Vitality(VT),Physical component summary(PCS) and Mental component summary(MCS) in observation group were lower than that in control group.(12) Except the frequency of job pressure, other items of JSS about the military personnel stationed in plateau, high cold region were higher than drought desert region, while drought desert region were higher than the control group, difference were statistically significant.(13) The fatigue degree about the military personnel stationed in plateau, high cold region were higher than drought desert region, while drought desert region were higher than the control group,difference were statistically significant. Pre-enlistment place of residence, age, andposition affected subjects' fatigue degree. Certain correlation existed among occupational stress, fatigue and coping style. To the military personnel stationed in plateau, high cold region, the negative coping styles had partial mediate effects between the occupational stress and fatigue, the indirect effect of occupational stress and fatigue was 0.154, and the ratio of the mediating effect to the total effect was 49.92%. To the military personnel stationed in drought desert region, the positive coping styles had partial mediate effects between the occupational stress and fatigue, the indirect effect of occupational stress and fatigue was 0.114, and the ratio of the mediating effect to the total effect was 50.06%. The negative coping styles had partial mediate effects between the occupational stress and fatigue, the indirect effect of occupational stress and fatigue was 0.257, and the ratio of the mediating effect to the total effect was 50.04%.(14) Except the personal accomplishment,other items of CMBI, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and the total scores of CMBI about the military personnel stationed in plateau, high cold region were higher than drought desert region, while drought desert region were higher than the control group,difference were statistically significant. Different demographic characteristics had different effect on CMBI. Certain correlation existed among occupational stress, job burnout and coping style. Regression analysis showed that the job pressure intensity and job pressure had a significant impact on job burnout.(15) The degree anxiety symptoms about the military personnel was that stationed in plateau, high cold region were higher than drought desert region, the drought desert region group were higher than control group.To the military personnel stationed in plateau, high cold region, job pressure index and negative coping style was risk factors of anxiety symptoms, OR(95%CI) were 1.062(1.038~1.086), 1.088(1.041~1.136), while positive coping style was protective factor for anxiety symptoms, OR(95%CI) was 0.910(0.872 ~ 0.950). The mediator effect of positive coping style between occupational stress and anxiety symptoms was not significant. The negative coping styles had partial mediate effects between the occupational stress and anxiety symptoms, the indirect effect of occupational stress and anxiety symptoms was 0.150, and the ratio of the mediating effect to the total effect was50.29%. To the military personnel stationed in drought desert region, negative coping style was risk factors of anxiety symptoms, OR(95%CI) were 1.062(1.038 ~ 1.086), while positive coping style was protective factor for anxiety symptoms, OR(95%CI) was 0.906(0.852~0.962). The mediator effect of positive coping style between occupational stress and anxiety symptoms was not significant. The negative coping styles had partial mediate effects between the occupational stress and anxiety symptoms, the indirect effect ofoccupational stress and anxiety symptoms was 0.248, and the ratio of the mediating effect to the total effect was 50.20%.(16) Comparison of the subjects' occupational stress level before and after the intervention: The scores of Occupational role questionnaire(ORQ)and its subscale: Role overload(RO), Role insufficiency(RI), Role boundary(RB),Personal strain questionnaire(PSQ) and its subscale: Vocational strain(VS), Psychological strain(PSY), Interpersonal strain(IS), Physical strain(PHS) were lower than before the intervention. The scores of Personal resources questionnaire and its subscale: Recreation(RE), Self-care(SC), Social support(SS), Rational/cognitive(RC) were higher than before the intervention.(17) Comparison of the subjects' job burnout level before and after the intervention: The scores of Emotional Exhaustion(EE), Personal Accomplishment(PA)were lower than before the intervention. While the scores of Depersonalization(D)changed no statistical differences.(18) Comparison of the subjects' mental health level before and after the intervention: the amount of depressive subject reduced after the intervention, the scores of SCL-90 were lower than before the intervention generally, and the degree of somatization, interpersonal sensitivity, hostility, paranoia was statistically significant.(19) Comparison of the subjects' Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire(SCSQ) level before and after the intervention: the subjects' Simplified Coping Style improved obviously, positive coping scores increased, negative coping scores decreased.Conclusion:(1) The effect of young soldiers' occupational stress was different according to their demographic characteristics.(2) Young soldiers' occupational stress had a broad impact on their physiology, psychology, cognitive and sleep.(3) Job burnout and work satisfaction influenced the quality of life about the young army recruits, the more job burnout meant the lower quality of life, and the influence on mental health is more significant. The higher work satisfaction meant the higher quality of life, the higher degree of job burnout means a lower quality of life. Regression analysis showed that emotional exhaustion, Minnesota external satisfaction as the independent variable, had the impact on PCS, the difference was statistically significant. Emotional exhaustion, Pre-enlistment place of residence, Minnesota external satisfaction as the independent variable, had the impact on MCS, the difference was statistically significant. Job satisfaction is higher, the better the quality of life. Emotional exhaustion, external satisfaction these two variables have a significant impact on comprehensive physiological content measurement.Emotional exhaustion, family location, external satisfaction these three variables have a significant impact on psychological content integrated prediction effect.(4) Social support can relieve the occupational stress level to a certain extent.(5) General self-efficacy andjob burnout were negatively correlated, general self-efficacy and job satisfaction were positively correlated.(6) The noise, vibration and dust pollution within the sealed space of mechanical equipments were prominent occupational harmful problems, it is important to strengthen the protection to the military personnel working within the sealed space of mechanical equipments.(7) The educational level and position influence job stress of military personnel working within the sealed space of mechanical equipments. Job burnout is more serious, job satisfaction is lower in high job stress group. The explanation power of ERI on emotional exhaustion and external satisfaction is stronger.(8) There was a certain relationship between the level of urinal VMA and the occupational stress military personnel working within the sealed space of mechanical equipments.(9) Compared with control group, the level of Job burnout is more serious, job satisfaction is lower, quality of life is lower about military personnel working within the sealed space of mechanical equipments. By contrast, the higher occupational stress and its adverse effects of the sealed space of mechanical equipments to the military personnel were confirmed. confined Spaces a number of operational staff occupational stress index above investigation.(10)There were differences in the level of occupational stress among the military personnel stationed in plateau, high cold region, drought desert region and control group. The level of occupational stress about the military personnel stationed in plateau, high cold region was higher than that of the drought desert region, and the drought desert region was higher than that of the control.(11) Under the environment of plateau, high cold region, drought desert region, the negative coping style played partial mediating effect between occupational stress and fatigue, job burnout and anxiety symptoms.(12) The implementation of occupational stress intervention could relieve the occupational stress and job burnout level effectively, and improve mental health and coping styles to a certain extent. |
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