| Language is the combination of form and meaning.Construction Grammar thinks that language is to build an interconnected network based on language input and the common cognitive limitations, pragmatic constraints and language processing and, in the network semantic structure is one of the most common methods paired with specific forms.In modern Mandarin Chinese, rhetorical idiom construction is gradually formed in the process of language development generally having rhetorical semantic in common form, rhetorical constructions form positive expressing negation of semantic, rhetorical construction form negative expressing position of semantic.But these constructions semantic are not simple addition of every component, but through the grammar, semantic, pragmatic norms in the process of language development and gradually formed. The whole meaning more than the sum of its parts, and some have been cured. Therefore, it is necessary to show the structure tag rhetorical semantics for a systematic study. In this paper, using the theory of Construction Grammar, Frame Semantics Grammar, Theory of Typology, CategoryTheory to the rhetorical idiom constructions,including the following:1?A construction is a pairing of form and meaning in the storage unit, the verb,meaning,integration between the verb and constructions has certain rules.Constructions with same meaning in different shape exsits motivation, inheritance and productivity, and pragmatic differences, polysemy constructions receives coercion.2?The rhetorical tone is mainly a grammatical means shows confirmation, in addition to the accent, intonation, punctuation marks, and other ingredients. According to the main components of the rhetorical constructions compositions, the rhetorical constructions are classified as:The interrogative pronoun, modal adverbs, demonstrative pronouns, conjunctions, modal words are five kinds of main components of the syntactic model rhetorical constructions; As well as "Xianghua", "Haoyisi" as marks totally eight kinds of rhetorical idiom constructions.3?The interrogative pronouns as the main components of the rhetorical constructions, it includes:(1)syntactic model pattern:"NP+nali+ V+np","NP+nali+V+shenme+np ", "NP+zenme+VP ", idioms mode:"shuo nali hua", "Nali nali", "Zenme ke'neng bu VP", "Zenme ke'neng/hui VP", "X shenme X," "Shei bu zhidao S"etc; (2)The modal adverbs as the main composition of the rhetorical constructions, including the words "Qi X" or "He X";The syntactic pattern:"Nandao...... (bucheng)'?"Mo fei VP?";(3)The demonstrative pronouns "Zhe/Na" as the main composition of the rhetorical construction; (4)The conjunction "He kuang" is the main mark of the rhetorical construction; (5)The modal word "na,ma,ne" as the main composition of the rhetorical construction.Consisting of these constructions. "NP?np"argument in syntax, semantic choice are in common, also with the individuality; Interaction of grammar, context of constructions together makes coercion;Interaction between main verbs and constructions exsits forever. In addition, there are some already fixed as rhetorical idiom constructions such as "Hao yi si V?", "Ke bu shi V?", "Xiang hua ma?" "(Gan ma) A(gan ma)?" Etc.4? The interrogative pronouns as the main components of the rhetorical co nstructions, we set up those chunks chains as below:"Agent+ nali/+VP(action v erbs/modal verbs/Vde C/Judgement verbs/(zai)V(guo)+patient","Agent+zen me+co mmon verbs/modal verbs/Psychological verbs /VdeC/buV","Shei+jiao/shuo/rang /zhldaoS ne?","Shei buS ne";"V shenme np,you shenme X de,shenme X bu X de","Heb^u/chang/ku/ceng/fang/xuS","Agent+nandao+VP(bucheng)'?'Agent+mofei +V(bucheng)','Agent+qibu/fei/singlemodalverb/youVP?'Zhebu/nabuVP+patient+m a','Shangqie/jishiA,hekuangB',"Niyiwei......na','Agent+hai+VPna"etc.Among othe r rhetorical idioms constructions,some directly connect with interrogative prono uns/advbers to constitue of more complicated chunks chains.5? Thruogh those classification we discover:These grammatical constructions have language evolution of motivation; The non interrogative word by means of conceptual integration, space mapping, highlights make negation; Questions on the time, place, event are gradually grammaticalized into speculation, rhetorical tones.The rhetorical construction due to process of the double syllable.6?Among these constructions,we may find the final similarity, inheritance relationship, to provide a basis for the identification of computer language and teaching Chinese as a foreign language, but also in a certain range of validated the constructions of linguistics about language exists and can be summarized in the syntactic level. |
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