The Study On Knowledge Representation:from Individual Cognition To Social Presentation

Knowledge representation is one of the core issues in cognitive science. In fact, there is no stopped discussing knowledge representation from the ancient Greek period. In the period, the discussion on knowledge representation was focus on the cognitive process about the formation and reproduction of information in the brain from individual perspective The perspective eventually fell into the individual cognitive difficulties. With the development of contemporary cognitive science and the social background of socialization production,the nature and representation of knowledge can not be separated from the participation and penetration of the social factors such as body, situation, interest and so on. So, which can directly affect the research direction and content of knowledge representation,but also make knowledge representation transfer from the individual to the social.On the basis of systematic analysis of the thought on knowledge representation, this paper aims to argument the rationality of social knowledge representation in the aspects of ontology, epistemology, methodology and so on, and mainly focus on scientific knowledge suffered questioned in this trend and the legitimacy of the social on scientific knowledge representation.Based on this central purpose, the paper mainly consists of the following five parts.The aim of part 1 is to analyze the ideas of knowledge representation in different disciplines and conclude that the generation of knowledge must be a cognitive process, which eventually lays the foundation for analyzing the knowledge representation theory from the cognitive perspective. Specifically, it mainly summarizes the related ideas in ancient Greek philosophy, modern philosophy, sociology, psychology and so on before cognitive science and historically grasps the evolution of knowledge representation theory. These research and analysis have not explored the formation of knowledge in the brain from cognitive perspective, but also provide the rich resource from different perspectives for our to grasp the knowledge representation.The part 2 mainly introduces the concept, connotation, characteristics and classification of knowledge representation. In the past, the characters and perspective on knowledge representation which achieved by discussing the philosophy ontology, epistemology or scientific knowledge aren't involving the internal process and mechanism of knowledge representation. Also, there is no special research on the concept, feature and classification of knowledge representation. With the generation and development of cognitive science, the word "knowledge representation" was gradually known by people and become one of the core issues in cognitive science. So, it is necessary to analyze the basic problems of knowledge representation from cognitive perspective, which is the basic for researching the related issues of knowledge representation.The part 3 studies the relevant features, cognitive mechanism and the research methods of individual knowledge representation. Both the research on knowledge representation in traditional philosophy or emerging early cognitive science mainly focus on how the knowledge present in individual in the brain of philosophers or scientists,which is the formation of individual knowledge representation. The individual knowledge representation is based on memory. And because of its characteristic of individuality and abstract, individual knowledge representation is mainly depend on the method such as rational thinking, metaphor, model and the thought experiment and so on.The existence of individual knowledge representation has its rationality, and the characterizations of which are reflected through the individuality of subject, the objectivity of the process and the results form of complete representation. But with the continuous development of the theory of as well as the social production background, the limitation of individual knowledge representation gradually exposed and suffer criticism.Because of the limitations gradual exposure, the dominant position of the individual knowledge representation has been questioned and broken at the beginning of the 20th century by "the collective representation" proposed by Durkheim. The studies on the knowledge representation gradually turned to the sociality, and which will inevitably lead to the changes on essential characteristics, epistemology, methodology of the knowledge representation. So, the part 4 tries to introduce the transformation process and relevant theories on knowledge representation from the individual to the social.On the one hand, the knowledge representation have reflected the social characteristics in the research subject, research process and the forms of the knowledge representation. On the other hand, in epistemology the environmental factors in a secondary position formerly in the process of knowledge representation rise as the main factors and constitute an important part in the process of knowledge representation. Besides, the intentional factors which constitute the knowledge representation are also changing social intention. The series of the transformation made the method of the social knowledge representation focusing on the methods of the contextualization and the phenomenon.In the process of social turn of knowledge representation, the representation of scientific knowledge as a special knowledge type has also changed.This change has challenged the traditional view on scientific knowledge and the traditional definition on "science" and "scientific knowledge". In view of this problem, The part 5 discusses the social steering and the legitimacy of the scientific knowledge representation. On the one hand, this paper analyzes the different views on scientific knowledge. And on this basis to distinguish the two kinds of scientific knowledge view, which respectively based on the scientific characterization and based on the social representation. On the other hand,it further analysis the correlation between the "standard of scientific knowledge view" which is generally thought of objectivity, authenticity and absoluteness in pursuit of natural things with the scientific representation. Third, the plight of scientific representation and the sociological analysis by the SSK school thought on the scientific knowledge realized the cognitive turn of the sociology of science, which made scientific knowledge own the new definition and explanation and become the product of the society. Not only that, the argument of social representation theory made scientific knowledge representation with legitimacy.