| Knowledge is the source of economic growth.The gradual replacement of traditional production factors such as land and labor has a profound and extensive impact on the country’s economic development.In the era of globalized knowledge economy,economic growth increasingly depends on the production,diffusion and application of knowledge and information.Knowledge production has increasingly become a key element for a country to maintain its long-term competitive advantage.However,the traditional knowledge production research paradigm regards knowledge production as a function of input and output,focuses on the scale of knowledge production and the knowledge spillover between regions,and does not pay attention to the regional knowledge structure and the knowledge cooperation network between regions,thus ignoring the importance of knowledge production.Endogenity and interactivity.In the context of knowledge economy,exploring the spatial evolution laws and influencing factors of global knowledge production is of great significance for enriching theories of economic geography and promoting the construction of an innovative country in China.Based on this,this article takes the scientific globalization as the research background,the country as the analysis unit,and proposes a global knowledge production analysis framework through the integration of evolutionary economic geography and relational economic geography.The paper believes that national knowledge production is a multi-subject,multi-element,and cross-scale process involving internal input and external resources,knowledge base and external connections,local capabilities and global interaction,which not only shows the characteristics of path dependence,but also the interaction between countries.The outcome of the process not only depends on the country’s R&D investment,but is also deeply affected by the national knowledge structure and international cooperation network.In order to explore the spatial evolution of global knowledge production,the paper conducts empirical research from four perspectives: the scale of knowledge production,the structure of knowledge production,the cooperation network of knowledge production and the influence mechanism of knowledge production evolution,and the conclusions are as follows:(1)Scientific competition is becoming increasingly fierce,and the global knowledge innovation landscape is accelerating restructuring.The scale of global knowledge production has increased sharply,and more and more countries have the ability to produce knowledge,and knowledge production has spread globally.Although traditional scientific powers such as the United States,the United Kingdom,Germany,and Japan have always dominated global knowledge production,their share has gradually declined;emerging scientific research countries such as China and India are increasing their global influence,and their share has gradually increased.Scientific competition between countries is becoming increasingly fierce.In addition,the spatial differentiation index of global knowledge production has remained high throughout the year,showing a nail-like spatial agglomeration,which is highly concentrated in a few countries such as the United States,Germany,the United Kingdom,France,Canada,and China.From the perspective of time evolution,the spatial differentiation index is showing a decreasing trend.The center of gravity of global knowledge production is shifting from west to east and from north to south.The bipolar pattern once dominated by Europe and the United States is dominated by the tripolar pattern of Europe,North America,and Asia Pacific Instead,and evolve to the future multi-polar pattern,the knowledge production landscape is being restructured at an accelerated pace.The agglomeration and decentralization of knowledge production have jointly shaped the geographic pattern of global knowledge output.(2)Knowledge production shows the characteristics of path dependence,and relevance is the key driving force for the evolution of national knowledge structure.There are differences in the disciplinary structure of knowledge production.Global knowledge production is highly concentrated in a few science and engineering disciplines such as electrical and electronic engineering and materials science.The spatial distribution of global knowledge complexity is extremely uneven,the diversity of countries and the average ubiquity show a significant negative correlation,and developed countries dominate the production of global complex knowledge.The global knowledge space is highly heterogeneous,and the evolution of the knowledge space of major countries shows obvious path-dependent characteristics.By drawing the nuclear density curve,it is found that the knowledge relevance of the original discipline is the highest,followed by the newly expanded discipline,and the proposed extension is the lowest.Based on the Logit regression model,it is found that knowledge relevance is the key driving force for the evolution of national knowledge structure,knowledge complexity is the main obstacle,and relevance can weaken the negative impact of knowledge complexity.In addition,the impact of relevance has differences in the level of national economic development,national innovation capabilities and subject areas.(3)Knowledge production exhibits obvious interactive characteristics and is increasingly dependent on international cooperation.Multi-dimensional proximity is an important mechanism for the evolution of cooperation networks.More and more countries have joined the global knowledge cooperation network,and the networked and globalized characteristics of knowledge production have become increasingly obvious.The breadth and depth of international cooperation has continued to deepen,the scale of the network has continued to expand,the number of countries has continued to increase,bilateral relations have increased dramatically,cohesion has continued to increase,and international cooperation has become increasingly close.The global knowledge cooperation network is a typical small-world network,presenting the topological characteristics of hierarchical and distributed organizations coexisting,with obvious multi-core-edge structure and significant hierarchical structure.The empirical results based on the gravity model and negative binomial regression show that geographic proximity,social proximity,cultural proximity,historical connections,and the size of international students have a positive and significant impact on scientific research cooperation between countries.Cognitive proximity and scientific research The scale of cooperation is an inverted U-shaped functional relationship,and excessive cognitive proximity may hinder cooperation.The estimation results based on the random actor model show that transitivity,preferential connection,cognitive proximity,and social proximity promote the evolution of global knowledge cooperation networks.Geographical distance has a significant negative impact on the evolution of cooperation networks,and the country’s urban population has a significantly positive effect.(4)Knowledge production is the result of the joint action of the country’s internal knowledge structure and external network connections.Knowledge production not only depends on the country’s R&D investment,but is also deeply affected by the country’s knowledge structure and the attributes of the cooperation network structure.Based on capacity absorption theory and social capital theory,using the extended knowledge production function model empirical estimation,we find that knowledge structure,relational capital,structural capital and cognitive capital have a positive impact on the country’s knowledge production performance,that is,the stronger the scientific ability,The greater the number of external cooperation relationships,the greater the average cooperation intensity,the higher the structural holes,and the greater the number of common cognitions,the more beneficial it is to enhance the country’s knowledge production performance.Through the above analysis,several policy inspirations are provided for the construction of an innovative country in our country.First of all,we should realize that our country is in a period of strategic opportunities for a new round of scientific and technological revolution,and we need to pay more attention to the supporting role of basic research.Secondly,compared with the previous my country’s relative importance to the scale of knowledge production,it is now necessary to pay more attention to the quality of knowledge production,both quantity and quality.Third,prioritize the selection of disciplines with strong relevance and fast iteration speed,and promote the national knowledge structure to move towards "no man’s land".Then,actively strengthen international cooperation,accelerate the internationalization process of scientific research,actively integrate and deploy global innovation networks,and build an international scientific cooperation center.Finally,accelerate the deep integration of independent innovation and international cooperation,and promote the domestic and international "dual cycle" of knowledge production.The end of the article also called for the need to supplement evidence from other measurement indicators,the need to introduce new relevance research methods,and pay attention to micro-university-level knowledge production. |
