The Research Of Relationship Between Turcoman Tribes And State During The Period Of Safavid Dynasty

The tribe has been occupying an important position in the development of Iran's history. On this land which had been splendid ancient Persian civilization dominated the word has gone through the conquest and domination of the Arab tribes, Mongolian tribes, Turkic tribes and Afghan tribes. The Arab tribes conquest brought Islam, and Turkic tribes made Iran felt tough Turkic civilization and the nomadic culture. In a word, nomadic civilization and farming civilization in Iran constantly collide with each other and the fusion, finally formed the characteristic on the basis of the Persian civilization, Iran is a blend of Islamic civilization and nomadic civilization of the national community.Safavid dynasty was an important period of the formation and development of this kind of ethnic community, Safavid dynasty was established in an important historical period of the great geographical discovery and the history of the world into a new chapter in an important period, and the time of Safavid dynasty is also the period of Iran had united once again which had already under the impact of the nomadic world eight and a half centuries and countless times and social unrest and divided. Safavid dynasty was establishment the unified dynasty which based on the Safavid religious community, the cult of the Islamic Sufi and Shi'i, and under the support of the military force of Qizilbash of Tucuman tribes(literally Redhead Army, named by wearing the red scarf). After the establishment of the dynasty, the Shi'i was established as the national religion, and later developed into the dominant religion in Iran. Therefore, it is become an important problem throughout the historical evolution of Safavid dynasty that how to deal with the relationship and the balance between the state and Turcoman tribes, relationship between Shi'i and the state.This article try to comprehensive expounding the logic interaction between tribes and state, and the relationship between the Shi'i. tribes and state in more than 200 years of the historical evolution process of Safavid dynasty. In order to be more objective and in-depth discussion of related issues, in the research method, this article based on the empirical research, draw lessons from the political science, religion and other disciplines of knowledge system.This paper consists of seven parts, the introduction and the conclusion part respectively discusses the significance of the study and the main point of view. The mina body includes five chapters, discussed the two major problems throughout the history of the Safavid dynasty in chronological order:the relationship between the state and the Turkmen tribes during the Safavid dynasty, the relationship between Shi'i, Turkmen tribes and the state during the Safavid dynasty.The first chapter mainly discusses the origin of the Safavid dynasty and Turkmen tribes. This chapter of this paper detailed discusses the Safavid family in northwestern corner of Iran that how to through the efforts of several generations, and after a long and tortuous development, finally complete the ancestors wish and successfully seize the power of Iran in period of Ismail. During this period, the Safavid dynasty's predecessor Safavid family and Turkmen tribes are interdependent and inseparable relationship, both of them formed a strong alliance because of the common goals and interests, Safavid family took the Turkmen tribes in the hand with ties of religious.The second chapter discusses the relationship between state and tribes during the regin from Ismail to Khudabanda in stages. Through the detailed review of the relationship between the state and the tribes, the conclusion is that the boundaries of Chaldiran, after the failure of the battle, the Turkmen tribes began to divine the authority of the Ismail, the relationship between state and tribes experienced the development process from the checks and balances to tribes power over the kinships which lead to political turmoil. This period is the stage of the game between state and tribal power.The third chapter mainly discusses the process of the successfully limitation on tribes power through a comprehensive reform during Abbas region. Abbas has successfully made snap differentiation of the Turkmen tribes power through the reform, Abbas period is the highly centralized period after the reform. At this time, kinship has break the political tradition of tribal decentralization for the moment, tribes succumbed to kinship.The fourth chapter is on the background of period after Abbas, discusses the process of the centralized development reached its peak after the Turkmen tribal power was weakened, which but lost the foundation of the rule of Turkmen tribes, the rule of state in a sudden turn of the worse and finally died in the hands of the Afghan tribes. Therefore, the conclusion of this chapter is that, when Safavid dynasty which based on Turkmen tribes has lost the strong political, military and religious alliance, it is mean that Safavid dynasty has lost the root basis and finally died by other tribes.The fifth chapter mainly discusses another important basic of Safavid dynasty, that is the interaction of Shi'i, state and tribes. This chapter comprehensive expounding the process of Shi'i that became the national religion, the development of Shi'i ulama from attached to the kinship, became an independent social class to the final effect toward the kinship in Safavid dynasty, and the relationship between Turkmen tribes and Shi'i. This chapter argues that Shi'i plays the important tool of legalization of the monarchy in Safavid dynasty, became the independent social role under the foster of Safavid dynasty, Turkmen tribes plays the support role in the status of national religious of Shi'i, with the totally different attitudes of kinship between tribes and Shi'i, Shi'I was instead of the tribes which became the power that could control the king.To sum up, in this paper based on the background of the historical development and discusses the relationship between state and tribes, and the interaction relationship between Shi'li, state and tribes.