A Study On Western Modern Thought Of Social Ideals

In the century of economic globalization,political polarization and cultural diversity nowadays,people are facing many social problems and a variety of possibilities.It's time for us to consider our future development direction and choose our ideal society.Today,China has become the world's second largest economy.What kind of ideal society should be pursued after entering into the modern power remains a problem.In the time that people have become a common destiny community,China and the rest of the world have been inseparably linked together.Therefore,we must focus on human social ideal to consider China social ideal,based on the Chinese social ideal to plan human social ideal.In the history of human being,western modern thinkers have made a extensive and deep exploration on the social idealism,and provided their own suggestions.The idea is the most abundant and colorful social ideal in the history of human thought,and some of them still influenced the world.Great changes have taken place in modern western society.It is in the turbulence of society changes that makes people feel confused in the historical process.Some educated thinkers actively respond to the challenges of the era with a high degree of social responsibility,describing all kinds of future social blueprint,and proposing the implementation of the blueprint plan.They studied and answered what kind of society is the ideal society,what kind of provisions an ideal society should have and how to build an ideal society and ensure the ideal social stability including other major issues.The questions they studied and answered are also the issues we should pay attention to today.Their thoughts and writings on these issues still have important practical significance.And nowadays,the social ideals pursued by western world are mainly provided by liberals.We cannot really understand the rise,development and contemporary pursuit of western capitalism,nor can we have a clear understanding of its problems and limitations.At the same time,the scientific social ideal of socialism in the West today is still maintained by our country today.We must unswervingly adhere to the ideal of scientific socialism,combine the social ideal with the actual situation of China and the traditional culture of China.It is necessary to study the origin and essence of scientific socialism.Therefore,when we consider and plan Chinese and human social ideal,we need to fully utilize and exploit the western ideological resources,from which the valuable and excellent content needs us to draw lessons and innovate according to the new background and practical needs.This paper attempts to liberalism,republicanism and the three schools as the clue,makes a preliminary analysis of the western modern social ideal thoughts to find out the ins and outs of western modern social ideal and the basic viewpoints of the main schools,the essence of thought,the real concern.With a focus on the reality and future development of contemporary human beings and China,this paper focuses on the reference and Enlightenment of the ideal of modern western society to the choice and construction of contemporary Chinese social ideal.In order to achieve the purpose of writing,this paper intends to discuss the following four logical levels:First,expound the background of the generation of the western modern social ideal thought,the historical process of the formation and evolution of the academic resources.This part especially highlights the influence of market economy on the western society,points out that the different social ideals in the western modern times are the thinkers and writers with a high sense of social responsibility.They should think about and explore the direction and Prospect of the human beings.The ideal thought of modern western society was formed during the transition from the Middle Ages to the modern times,the profound changes of the times and the confusion and misery make people feel confused about the future of the society.Under this special historical background,a large number of thinkers with a strong sense of social responsibility in the critically assimilated ancient thinkers based on social ideal idea,actively seek the future direction of the development of the society,the conception of good society blueprint,and puts forward the path to realize the blueprint,formed the extremely rich social ideals.In five hundred years of a long historical process,different thinkers stand on different thinking from different perspectives and the realization of the ideal society,the social ideal gradually diversified pattern of the situation,socialism,liberalism and republicanism became the most influential type.Second,it focuses on the formation of the western modern liberalism,republicanism and socialism,and the main contents of the three schools and their adaptation to the changes of the times.In this part,the author hopes that readers can have a better understanding of the key issues,the basic position,the main contents,the academic value and the practical significance of the three schools of thought.This is the main part of this thesis,which is divided into three chapters.Liberalism is the dominant school of thought in western countries since modern times,and its social ideal has played an important role in the development of human society.A series of liberalism,such as free competition,natural rights,inviolability of private property,property representative,have political rights and so on,have a powerful blow to the old system of hierarchy and tyranny,to adapt to the emerging bourgeoisie expansion needs,making capitalism in the short span of more than and 100 years has been achieved over the past thousand years has not been achieved.It still dominates the development of the non Western world.However,the practice of modern western society shows that liberalism has its own limitations.In particular,it can not solve the polarization caused by the market economy,cyclical economic crisis,people's physical and other issues.Republicanism is an ancient and great tradition in the history of Western society,but in recent years,with the "democracy" as a powerful discourse of modern politics?"Republic" is often referred to as a type of government,and its rich value is largely concealed.The most striking feature of the classical republicanism is that it is a political system maintained by virtue of citizens,or a system based on moral force,compared with modern republicanism,it emphasizes the rights and freedoms of citizens,and emphasizes the restriction and balance of public power.However,modern republicanism emphasizes the system and does not give up virtue.Republicans want to provide a liberal concept of freedom,which is more relevant to the common good,community,and responsibility.Socialism,as a kind of social thought,is the appearance of the capitalist private ownership and the market economy.In the modern socialist camp,standing on the position of the proletariat and the social class of the poor,the utopian socialists have made a profound disclosure and accusation of the primitive accumulation of capital and the actions of the capitalists in spite of the death of the workers,and on this basis,various forms,especially "Utopia",are used to describe the ideal society which is diametrically opposed to the capitalist reality.However,they cannot find the path to achieve the ideal society,its Utopia is a fantasy.In view of the limitations of Utopian Socialism,Marx and Engels in the evils of exposing and criticizing capitalism,through scientific research reveals the historical inevitability and inherent contradictions of socialism instead of capitalism and society,and on the basis of established scientific socialism,drawing a beautiful blueprint for socialism and communism,socialism from fantasy into science,pointed out a different capitalism for mankind.Third,a comparative analysis of the social ideals of the three schools.The social ideal of liberalism,republicanism and socialism is the result of three different schools of thought.They are opposed to the rule of the Catholic Church and Christian theology,the idea that human beings should live a happy life,and they all claim freedom,equality is a basic human rights.However,their experience is different,the representative of the interests of different classes and consider the perspective of different issues,their views on the direction of social development and the aspirations of the social ideals and ideas to achieve the ideal path is also different.The focus of their differences are mainly embodied in the market economy is still against the market economy,is the preservation of private ownership or eliminate private ownership,is the implementation of participatory democracy is a representative democracy,the community as the main entity or non entity.Although each of them has its own reasons,but also has its rationality,but most of them have their own limitations and insurmountable problems.Only scientific socialism is based on the revelation of the inevitable law of the development of human society.This part is to show through a comparative analysis of three main schools of thought of their respective advantages,limitations and problems,highlighting the scientific and correct scientific socialism,but also contains other factions in the thought of mining reasonable value elements and summarize its experience and lessons,planning for the future development of human thought today and provide a reference for Chinese.Fourthly,the author tries to reveal the significance of the western modern social ideal to the contemporary China.In the modern society of the west,there were three social ideals of socialism,liberalism and republicanism,the ideal of socialism has achieved a great leap from utopian socialism to scientific socialism,but Liberalism has always been the mainstream of modern western social ideal,and it still has important value in Contemporary Western society.The values of freedom,equality,democracy,Republic,rule of law,fairness and justice in the three social ideals of modern western society have far-reaching influence on the future development of Chinese Society.In this part,the author expounds the influence of the western modern social ideal thought,especially the scientific socialism social ideal on China.Furthermore,the latest development of contemporary Chinese society makes the social ideal problem become a prominent problem and an important issue.On this basis,the paper expounds the significance of the social ideal of the three schools in the West.