Construction Of The Mobile Lab For Cultural Relic Conservation And The Application Of Its Comprehensive Methods

Accompanied by the excavation on the archeological sites,a large number of unearthed relics deteriorated quickly due to the dramatic changes of the environment.It is one of the most critical and complex challenging to figure out the effective protection methods of those easily-damaged unearthed relics.Though systematic investigation and scientific analysis are the prerequisites and basis for the effective protection,the obtained instant information in site are generally quite limited for the lack of resources including analysis technique,time and space.Under this premise,it is difficult to get a scientific understanding of the relics,and it may result in a negative impact on protection.Therefore,an urgent problem need to be addressed is to explore some suitable survey and analysis methods for in situ cultural relics protection.Previous researches and application show that the model of a mobile lab,a vehicle platform equipped with integrated analysis equipment for comprehensive investigation and analysis in site,can effectively overcome the weakness of the conventional method.It is a new approach to achieve the effective protection of cultural relics.This model is blank in China,thus,the development of a mobile laboratory with integrated approach being adapted for cultural relics conservation,is not only a comprehensive systematic project,but also an exploratory study.Starting from the present studies and existing problems,basing on the research and application of the first mobile lab for the relics conservation of China,a application technique system was established in this paper,which include the development of the main technical composition and functions of the mobile lab,also the systematic research of the comprehensive methods for buried environment survey,the in-situ and nondestructive analysis.The preliminary research and application shows that the mobile lab can provide effective technical support for in-situ conservation,and it has good application prospect in archaeological and conservation fields.The main conclusions and innovations of this study are shown as follows:?.Establishment of the technical system of the mobile laboratory for cultural relic conservation.Through four stages of “design,research,development,application and improvement”,the mobile lab has been developed into a platform being capable of conducting investigation and analysis in site,which can provide effective technical support for the scientific protection of cultural relics.This paper summarized the design ideas,main methodology and application of six technical units including: mobile vehicle platform,in-situ space information collection and recording,live environment monitoring,burial environment and comprehensive analysis of cultural relics,intelligent in-situ archaeological pre-detection,emergency treatment and protection of the unearthed relics.It is a systematic summary for the research and application of the first in-situ cultural relic conservation platform,which has important inspiration and referential value for the development of the concept and research methodology of conservation.?.The application of comprehensive analysis methods for buried environment survey.It is studied that the quick in-situ investigation method of the buried environment on archeological sites.The important investigated parameters include moisture content,p H value,soluble salts and microorganism of the soil,etc.The comprehensive analysis and procedure were established.The application shows that the analysis can provide the results of a preliminary reflect of characteristic of the burial environment,which is the important references for in-situ conservation and following studies,as well as some indirect evidence for the interpretation of some archeological phenomena.?.The application of in situ and non-destructive comprehensive analysis methods.Basing on the comparing the applicable conditions,advantage and problems of a variety of methods,the application of the integrated multiple analytical methods was carried on,and a basic procedure of in-situ analysis was established.The practice indicates that the application of in situ and non-destructive analysis methods can effectively obtain the information of elements,morphology,composition and structure of the cultural relics,can provide multi-angle information support for cultural relics conservation and research.?.Lab studies of key clues of the in situ and non-destructive analysis.Guided by the key clues found in in-situ and non-destructive investigation,the study on the unearthed make-up powder of Northern Song Dynasty was conducted.The powder was proved to be made from freshwater pearls.This is a new archeological discovery.It shows that the in-situ and non-destructive analysis can provide important clues for archeological research and the importance of the combination of in-situ and lab analysis methods.?.The application of the mobile lab in the conservation of the ancient wall paintings.A case study of the wall paintings conservation project in Longxing Temple(Zhengding,Hebei Province)was taken to introduce the application of the multiple investigation methods in the conservation of murals,and it further presented that the important role being played by the mobile lab in the field of the conservation of immovable cultural relics.