The Philosophical Thinking Of Intelligent Machine

The human society has experienced the three industrial revolution with the steam engine,electric,computer technology.The fourth industrial revolution we are now facing is no longer in a single technology as a symbol,but is the revolution of artificial intelligence across a number of areas,with integration,melange and transcendence.The concept of “Intelligence” we usually talk about includes two parts: “Wisdom” and “Ability”.The “wisdom” of what we call is the process from perception,to memory,to thoughts,while the “ability” is the expression of language and behaviors resulted by wisdom.Both of them combines the “intelligence”.We can work out from the concept of “intelligence” that none of the pure thoughts or the expression of language and behavior can be called as “intelligence” but the combination of both.Artificial Intelligence(short for AI),usually refers to the object which researches and develops to simulate,extend,expand and study the intelligent theory,method,technology and application system.In fact,AI makes a useful exploration and study on human's wisdom and capabilities.The opinions as to Artificial Intelligence are widely divided.Prof.Nelson from the Stanford University Artificial Intelligence Laboratory gave a definition that AI is about how to represent knowledge and how to acquire knowledge and using knowledge of science.While Prof.Winston from MIT thought that Artificial Intelligence is to research how to have the computer process the intelligent work which only human could do in the past.Artificial Intelligence with Uncertainty wrote by Li Deyi,the academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering,gives a definition of Artificial Intelligence that all kinds of intelligent behaviors and mental labor made by human,such as perception,memory,emotion,judgment,reasoning,proving,identification,design,thinking and learning,will be realized artificially by some materialized machine.But in the end,all of these definitions indicate that the AI,which structure an artificial intelligent system,is to study the law of human intelligent activities and lucubrate how to apply computer or some kind of intelligent machine to simulate the basic theory,method and technology of human's intelligent activities,so as to make them to accomplish some jobs that only human was qualified for.The major product of artificial intelligence are the intelligent system,intelligent machine,robots and others,especially the machine.In the past,the philosophers generally believed the machine(or computer)was nothing but a kind of mechanical and electronic enginery copying human's brain,and that they were no more than an extension for human brain,or the useless scrap iron without human's control.Admittedly,it's hardly to be a real intelligent machine without self-awareness,comprehension for the sense of behaviors,practice and freedom.If they couldn't adjust by themselves when meeting with the errors and improve their own property by the experiences;if they couldn't acquire and discover automatically the necessary acknowledge and structure their own mind;if they couldn't get rid of human's control while their reasoning were limited to the deduction and lack of conclusion,they could only prove the existing facts or theorems at the most instead of discovering the new laws and rules.And then in 1947,the well-known mathematician and computer expert Alan Turing had given a new meaning to the artificial intelligence,since when the truly intelligent machine has made a substantive breakthrough.He made a clear indication that only the unstructured machine with learning capacity and creativity can be called as intelligent machine.Alan Turing assumed there could be an “unstructured machine” which was made with some type of components in an unsystematic way,whose structure was random.Once the unstructured machine possessed the learning capacity and creativity,it could not only simulate the human's thinking but also think like a human,who could build and upgrade continuously his mental models and solve complicated intelligent questions,finally to be a real intelligent machine.The study and research of machine learning have developed rapidly in recent years to make huge breakthroughs on and on,which advanced the artificial intelligence and intelligent machine in development by leaps and bounds.Prof.Arthur Samuel from Stanford University pointed out that machine learning was to give the machine self-study ability without human's explicit instructions.Then Samuel wrote a chess program and trained it for some time,after which the program should defeat Samuel and the American champion of International chess finally.On May 11 th,1997,The super computer named “Deep Blue”,which was developed by IBM Company,beated the world champion Gary Kasparov at chess.For nearly 20 years later,the chess progress Alpha Go developed by Google company defeated Lee Se-dol,the world chess champion and professional ninth-dan player with the score of 4:1 in March,2016.These breakthroughs the artificial intelligence made fully shows the possibility that the machine is intelligent.With the development of the theory and technology,the truly intelligent machine will be continuously improved to apply in not only different kinds of athletics,games,language learning,translation and mathematical analysis,but also learning human's thinking model as well as perfecting its program and algorithm to develop their own thinking model by data analysis,experiences,information and perception,so as to know the world and change the world.Past history tells us that after every technological progress,human function slowly in the degradation,from physical to mental,from active to passive,from outside to inside,the human lose something after the intelligence machine had learned new skill.In this game,the possibility of intelligent machines controlled human is improved a lot.If continuous integration of intelligence machines do not have the ability,if the intelligent machine with self learning ability to improve and create,if gene editing technology can create "Gene People",the definition of “Human” will eventually changed and anthropocentrism by the strong impact,people,the relationship between human,intelligent machines and Gene people will decide where to go.At that moment,how could we handle the relationship between human and intelligent machine? How could we distinguish the humanity and the mechanical nature? What would happen to the human-machinery society? Whether the machine would exceed human intelligence,or even control the human? What kind of impact would our outlooks on the world,life and values meet? Whether or not our philosophical view would be overturned? All of these questions are deserved to research and analyze.This article begins with the analysis on the situation and the development of current artificial intelligence as well as the progress and the practical impact of the intelligent machine,which was the major product of the artificial intelligence,so as to bring in the philosophical thinking.Secondly,this article will focus on the possible breakthroughs that the intelligent machine might realize regarding the self,meaning of behaviors,practice and freedom,and forecast the development of the future intelligent machine and its effect on the human society.