Research Of Tender Evaluation Method On Product Differentiation And Client Requirements

Since 1999 ,?Tendering and Bidding Law of the PRC?and?Regulation on the Implementation of the Bidding Law?(2011) were formally promulgated,the bidding and tendering industry has developed rapidly, the scale of tender is expanding and its capital-saving advantage is obvious. It plays an important and basic role in the allocation of resources. However, the research of bidding theory usually focus on law,business affair, procedure and bidding strategy while rarely on the economy and management properties of it, especially on the tender evaluation decision making. Bid evaluation is the most important part of tendering and bidding process, which affects the fairness, impartiality and success of the tender project. Therefore, this paper, based on theory and practice, studies the related practical and key issues of tender evaluation decision making.(1) Firstly, analysis and summary of typical tender system and feature at home and abroad. This paper teases the related issues of theoretical study and practical operation of tender and bid and analysis the legal and economic attributes of it, which will be helpful in understanding the connotation and features of biding and the study of this paper.(2) Quantitative research of the choice of evaluation methods based on product differences. There are few and scattered related regulations about the selection of the lowest bid and the comprehensive evaluation method during the early stage of bid evaluation. However, those regulations are fuzzy and lack of the basis of quantitative selection. This paper argues that homogeneous product with smaller degree of product difference and price is the main competition point applies to the lowest bid evaluation method. On the other hand, heterogeneous product applies to comprehensive evaluation method while non-price competition is the main point. Then, this paper uses the Cross-Price Elasticity and quality-price elasticity to measure homogeneous product and heterogeneous product and make a decision between the two bid evaluation methods. As to these two indicators, this paper builds theoretical model and apply to empirical study of specific cases so as to illustrate the feasibility and effectivity of them.(3) The research of evaluation method based on client needs. In the process of the bid evaluation decision of comprehensive evaluation method, the settings of bid evaluation factors and standards seldom take project characteristics and the client needs into account, which always lead to the same factors and standards in practical operation.As a result, the bid evaluation just realize the procedure and surface fairness and competitiveness. Firstly, this paper explains the necessity of client needs research in engineering projects. Then, it analyzes the definition and classification of clients and client needs and processing procedure of client needs. As client needs and evaluation factors are subjective and fuzzy,this paper builds a group decision making model based on Fuzzy-HOQ and Quality Function Deployment and fuzzy sets theories so as to realize the transformation between client needs and evaluation factors. This model ensures the consistency of fuzzy number sequence by reasonable defuzzification method.Due to the D/B (design/build) procurement and contracting methods is useful in realizing client needs,this paper selects a sewage treatment plant construction project to make empirical analysis so as to verify the effectiveness of this model. Finally,there is a further analysis and summary of process and results of this biding evaluation model.(4) The credibility research of group experts from the perspective of experts. Firstly,this paper illustrates the necessity of credibility research of group experts'evaluation results from the aspects of experts' status in bid evaluation, the problems of expert evaluation system and the discretionary power of experts. Secondly, the paper analyzes the closure principle of expert evaluation system, subjective characteristics of experts'evaluation and credibility rule of experts' evaluation. When there are differences between experts' evaluation credibility, the evaluation result should be adjusted according to expert evaluation level and its effects. The paper uses psychology reliability theory and statistical analysis of variance to measure the reliability of evaluation experts, and the evaluation results are been tested. Then taking the differences of expert evaluation level into account,it uses the variance to represent the level of expert evaluation, the method of weighted fusion is used in the assembly evaluation results of experts, which can ensure the reliability and accuracy of the evaluation results. Finally, empirical analysis and application are used in specific cases to test effectiveness and application value of this method.