Study On Measurement Of Welfare Disequilibrium In Rural-urban Land Convresion And Equilibrium Policy

Rural-urban land conversion is the principal pathway of sources of construction land in the process of rapid urbanization in our country.The whole process of conversion is accompanied by the change of land ownership and land use.The land use is very different between agricultural land and non-agricultural land before and after conversion.There are significant differences between rural collective ownership and urban state ownership in nature and capacity of property rights.These all result in the great changes of land value and welfare of the relevant stakeholders.In reality,on the one hand,some landless peasants are poorer due to land expropriation,and their endowment,medical insurance and livelihoods are unsustainable.On the other hand,local governments gain much increment revenue during the process of rural-urban land conversion by the way of low-priced expropriation and high-priced sale,and developers get many real estate development profits depending on the seller's dominant position in the secondary land market(that is,real estate development and sales market).This imbalance benefit distribution pattern will inevitably result in many social contradictions,conflicts and problems.The low cost of land expropriation,neglecting the irreversible effects of rural-urban land conversion on ecological environment and social security,may result in over-conversion of agricultural land and bring about the loss of social welfare.And welfare as an analytical tool and evaluation index,is widely used to assess the production and living conditions of individuals or groups,public policy performance and the basis for decision-making.The study start from the basic concept of welfare and equilibrium in this paper.According to the characteristics of rural-urban land conversion,the research has been made from the total welfare level,the welfare distribution level of different and relevant stakeholders,and the level of welfare changes of the landless peasant groups.The goal of welfare equilibrium has been defining.The status and extent of welfare disequilibrium has been measured.Finally,public policies and recommendations have been put forward to achieve the various levels of welfare equilibrium.Considering the typicality of the study area and the socioeconomic status of the region,the difference of the rural-urban land conversion characteristics and the convenience of obtaining the data,the writer chooses Guangdong Province as an example,makes the empirical research from the provincial level and 21 cities level.In order to achieve the goal of this paper,the writer makes analysis and discussion from the following eight aspects:The first part is the introduction.The purpose,objectives and background of the research,the theoretical significance and practical significance of this paper have been explained.The domestic and foreign research trends about rural-urban land conversion have been summarized in order to find out the opportunities and starting points of this study.The research ideas and the most important research methods of this paper have been summarized elaborated.Finally,the research structure and the main content have been generally explained,and the possible innovation points have been enumerated.The second part is the theoretical basis of the paper.The definition of rural-urban land conversion and the welfare of rural-urban land conversion have been made,and the scope of this research has been ascertained.The basic theories about the quantitative study of economic welfare and non-economic welfare in welfare economics have been summarized.Amartya Sen's Capabilities theory has been elaborated as a theoretical basis for study on landless peasants welfare changes.the theory of increment revenue of land and agricultural land development rights has been elaborated as a theoretical basis for study on welfare distribution of different stakeholders.Finally,the local equilibrium theory and marginal analysis method in economics are analyzed.Total welfare balance and welfare loss.The third part is the analytical framework of the paper.From the concept of equilibrium and welfare equilibrium,the three-level framework of welfare equilibrium analysis is deduced,namely,the total welfare,the welfare distribution,the welfare change and welfare gap in the same group,and then elaborated from the three latitudes.The basic idea of the total welfare equilibrium analysis is to calculate the total welfare benefits of the agricultural land in the agricultural land according to the marginal principle,that is,the equilibrium conditions of the agricultural land and the amount of the flow under the equilibrium target can be compared Loss of benefits caused by the flow of money.The basic idea of the equilibrium analysis of welfare distribution is to calculate the respective welfare distributions from the perspective of the rights contribution of the stakeholders,and then calculate the distributions of the welfare distributions in the three-level land market,which are attributed to the peasants and the village collectors,the local governments and the development The proportion of the actual welfare distributions and the proportion of the three categories of stakeholders,the proportion of the distribution of the equilibrium target is compared with the actual proportion,so as to obtain the degree of unbalanced welfare distribution.The basic idea of the balanced analysis of the gap between the welfare and the welfare gap is that the first goal of the welfare balance is that the welfare of the peasants is not reduced compared with that before the circulation,and the welfare gap between the peasants is not widened;And then based on the survey data of farmers to calculate the changes before and after the distribution of welfare and welfare differences reflect the inequality index,to determine whether at this level to achieve welfare balance.The fourth part mainly analyzes the present situation of the rural land circulation,the present situation of the income distribution and the present situation of the welfare imbalance from the Guangdong Province level based on the statistical data.This paper analyzes the current situation,the range,the speed,the form and the use structure of the agricultural land in the province,and further analyzes the main features of the circulation and the change course of the circulation through the chart.By analyzing the policies of Guangdong Province's agricultural land transfer benefit compensation policy,land expropriation compensation standard,compensation method and content as well as the social security system of landless peasants and so on,the paper analyzes the government's income in the rural land circulation of Guangdong Province.Finally,a qualitative descriptive analysis is made on three aspects: total welfare,welfare distribution and landless peasants' welfare,so as to reflect the imbalance of farmland welfare in Guangdong Province.The fifth part mainly carries out theoretical and empirical research on the total welfare of rural-urban land conversion.Firstly,we carry out theoretical research on the total welfare loss of agricultural land from the aspects of buyer monopoly and externality,and then build the CD production function of agriculture and non-agricultural sector,and build the marginal income function and marginal cost function,and by calculating the marginal ecological value and the marginal social value of the agricultural land,it is included in the marginal cost function of the rural-urban land conversion,and the demand function and the complete supply function of the rural-urban land conversion are further fitted.Based on the calculation of the total social welfare benefits of the optimal amount of rural-urban land conversion,compared with the actual farmland city flow,the amount of excess turnover is the corresponding amount of benefits The size of the total welfare loss of the flow of the city,that is,to achieve the total welfare imbalance measure.The sixth part analyzes the equilibrium goal and the unbalanced situation measure of welfare distribution from the distribution of welfare of different stakeholders.According to the method of right contribution analysis,the formation mechanism and contribution to welfare increment which made by all the stakeholders during the conversion process including expropriation,land use change,assignment and development are analyzed.The model of calculating the distribution of welfare increment of farmers and village collectives,local governments and developers under the equilibrium goal is constructed.According to land data and socio-economic statistical data of 8 cities in Guangdong Province,empirical estimation has been made.The study shows that the standard of the equilibrium of welfare distribution should be based on the ownership rights and investment contributions of various stakeholders,the gap of welfare distribution among the stakeholders under the equilibrium goal is significantly smaller than the gap of welfare distribution in practical situations,and the regional characteristics of welfare distribution under the equilibrium goal is: within the more economically developed district,the welfare distribution gap between the government and the developers and farmers and the village collective is greater.The whole rural land circulation process is divided into agricultural land market,urban land market,urban land secondary market,the corresponding interests include farmers and village collective,local government and central government,developers and other three categories.The economic welfare increment in land transfer was analyzed,and welfare distribution calculation model was established.Disequilibrium of welfare distribution was empirical estimated based on data of 21 cities in Guangdong Province.The conclusions of study are as follows: the proportion of welfare distribution of three kinds of stakeholders lies on the position during the process,negotiating ability,information advantages and disadvantages;Developers obtain the most share of welfare,local government second,farmers and village collective share at least,and the extent of disequilibrium of welfare distribution is greater;Welfare distribution gaps in three levels are larger in developed areas;Welfare distribution proportion in all areas was dynamic characteristics in time.The seventh part measures the welfare status and welfare gap of the peasant group.Methods of comentropy and AHP were mainly employed to calculate the weight of functionings indexes of farmers' welfare based on investigation and questionnaire.Welfare index of landless farmers has been constructed based on the calculation.The changes and gap of welfare of farmer group in rural-urban land conversion are empirically analyzed.The results indicate that the study in Guangdong province showed that the farmer welfare level is modest increase,and overall welfare index is not high which is far below the median level 0.5.The welfare of landless farmers in Pearl River Delta and the west of Guangdong province improve observably.Little change occur in the north,and decline occur in the east.The gap of farmer internal welfare reflecting from index of Gini,Theil,and Atkinson becomes further widening circulation,and farmers' welfare gap between the four regions in the province is a larger proportion.The conclusion is that the use of multi-dimensional weight welfare indicators and quantitative analysis of three types of index change inside the welfare of farmers and welfare gap are more objective and reasonable.The eighth part is the research conclusion,the policy suggestion and the discussion.It is mainly a summary of the research conclusion of the whole paper,and constructs a fair and effective welfare compensation public policy system and system,which includes land income distribution system,land property right system,land tax system,land use control system,land macro-control policy And to sum up the lack of research.