Research On Evolution Of Inclusive Institution

"A good institution" is a never-ending target that the new institutionalism and economy practice in human society practice try to achieve.From the institutional school's general economic historical view,the "inclusive institution" which Acemoglu and Robinson summarized and demonstrated is the ideal end of the the history of institutional evolution for the institutional school.Inclusive economic and political institution can make most people's rights be respected and protected,and let the individuals be free to make a choice.Besides,they protect people's economic incentive and innovation incentive,so both the economic performance and social equality can be aligned.The theoretical framework of inclusive institution caters to the trend that modern economic theories and social economy practice value standard return to equal opportunity,human-oriented,people's all-round development.However,faced with another universal "inclusive institution" which the western theorists put forward,people need to get out from "the dense fog" under their discourse powers and use the political economy,new political economy and our own national conditions and needs to deconstruct and reconstruct it.Then analyze comparative economics from the perspective of the deconstructed inclusive institution,which contributes to the re-recognition of institutional evolution's general rules.It can help understand not only the China economic history deeply but also the world economic history and social economic law wisely.The description and analysis of the new institutional school focused more on the high-grade element characteristics in the inclusive institution,such as the free competitive market and the wide distribution of political power.These are element characteristics when state capacity and national achievements develop into a higher level.However,as a main vehicle for inclusive institution,a country developed from extractive institution at first,whose revolution towards inclusive institution couldn't be completed overnight.The evolution of institution inclusiveness follows the logic clues of the evolution of state capacity.The evolution of institution inclusiveness can be called a dynamic result of repeated interaction between state capacity and interest groups.When there is no sudden changes for the objective initial conditions,such as the general living space,social culture and technical conditions,the interaction patterns between state capacity and interest groups turn out to be a trend of institutional involution.But when the objective initial conditions change suddenly,the interaction patterns between state capacity and interest groups will have an evolution and go beyond institutional involution' shape and then institution inclusiveness changes also.As same as the state capacity,the evolution of institution inclusiveness has an advanced stage.Institution inclusiveness' different typical element characteristics don't appear together.In the early development of state capacity,they appeared in succession.More basic element characteristics of institution inclusiveness didn't get a dialectic perspective and enough attention from the new institutional school for a long time.For example,stable and unified social order,being ruled by the law,full basic economic rights and economic opportunities,the state violent institution having been politicized and high-quality bureaucracies and so on.At present,it seems that the new institutional school's analysis about inclusive institution and extractive institution's generality,characteristics,stuck in some sort of dichotomy,lacks dynamics,which has not embodied the methodologies of institutional evolution and the wisdom of dialectics.The thesis will make some theoretical supplement on that.Generally speaking,before state capacity reaches some level,some fundamental aspects of it play a more important part in institution inclusiveness'development than some aspects on influence when state capacity develops into a higher level.But after state capacity reaches some level,state capacity's high-grade element characteristics begin to has greater effects.In different evolutionary stages of state capacity,different aspects of state capacity have different effects on institution inclusiveness.It is the same as state capacity for economic incentive and economic institution inclusiveness for political institution inclusiveness.That has been supported by empirical analysis in the thesis.This thesis reviews the related research about the inclusive institution at home and abroad.With the dialectical and deconstructive analysis of the general historical evolution law,active subjective and objective initial conditions,the author regards the evolution of state capacity as the clue to make a reconstructive description about the element characteristics of inclusive institution and extractive institution.The thesis uses the theoretical analysis and quantitative methods to conduct an empirical analysis with the national-level data throughout the world's more than 140 countries and regions from 1984 to 2017.The results of the empirical analysis support the double threshold effect that state capacity has on its institution inclusiveness,and describes the threshold effect,supporting the assumptions that economic institution inclusiveness brings along political institution inclusiveness generally.The thesis tries to use "inclusive institution" framework to parse the Chinese economic history and experience.New China pushed economic and political institution inclusiveness forward prudently.Before the reform and opening up,China preferred to strengthen state capacity,especially national defense.In the early 1970s,China met the right outside opportunity to relieve domestic pressures and was on the gradual road of reformation.Economic surplus and institution supply preferred to "meet the social needs".Institutional inclusiveness was gradually accumulating steadily and constantly making progress.The repeated crisis forced reform,which was incompletely conscious.The gradual reformation in China advanced carefully on the premise of effectively concentrated power and strengthening state capacity and the development of institution inclusiveness moved slowly.But the regulation and interaction between the institution,policy and micro social economic agents had the trial to make mistakes and more room for manoeuvre,which meant the development of institution inclusiveness were less likely to be unexpected.President Xi Jinping expressed clearly that China would persevere in reform and opening up and never go backward.China strengthens the internal fairness of economic opportunity and shares the fruits of development,clamps down aggressively on corruption and power abuse in bureaucracy and promotes an external,more beneficial,more inclusive international regimes and globalization modes in a coordinated way,which expresses an aggressive clear message on institution inclusiveness to the whole world.