Study On Decision Models In Closed-loop Supply Chains With Behavioral Factors Consideration

With the growth of awareness of environmental protection and sustainable development, as well as the pressure from the environmental protection legislation and the huge economic interests from product recycling, closed-loop supply chain has attracted great attention of the government, enterprises and academia. Closed-loop supply chain is to comprehensively consider the recycling of waste products, reprocessing, remanufacturing and redistribution processing, and many other links, which contains the traditional forward supply chain and reverse supply chain of product recycling. Closed-loop supply chain can increase enterprise competitiveness, provide a new way for environmental protection, resource saving and sustainable development, which is of great significance to solve the current increasingly serious contradiction between economic development and social, environmental.Behavioral science research suggests that customers would buy strategically in real situation, which the customer might determine its optimal purchase time according to the retailer's pricing, and decision maker often would also pay attention to fairness, risk aversion, such as social preferences, at the same time also would show the irrational behavior such as overconfidence. The above behavior factors did not get enough attention in the traditional closed-loop supply chain management research literature, which make the research conclusion diverge from reality. Therefore, this paper, considering these factors of behavior factor, studied the optimal decision of closed-loop supply chain. Specific work includes the following respects.(1) Study the competition decision-making of closed-loop supply chain considering strategic customer behavior(chapter 3). A closed-loop supply chain model are established which consist of a original equipment manufacturer, a independent remanufacturer and a group of strategic consumers. The paper analyzes the demand functions of new and manufactured products under the situation of existing strategic customers and the competition strategy of manufacturers and manufacturers in closed-loop supply chain by using dynamic game theory, and compares with the situation there is no remanufacturing activities. Next, this paper discusses the effect of strategic customer behavior on prices, profits, consumer surplus. Finally, using the numerical example further verify the correctness of the model.(2) Study the competition decision-making of closed-loop supply chain under bidirectional fairness concerns of manufacturer(chapter 4). A competition model of closed-loop supply chain is constructed which consists of an original equipment manufacturer, an independent remanufacturer, and a common distributor. Manufacturers focus on both the profits of distributors who are in the vertical position of supply chain, and the profits of remanufacturer who are in the horizontal position of supply chain, that is say, manufacturer is a bidirectional fairness concerns. This paper uses game theory to analyze the impact of the horizontal and vertical fairness concerns coefficient on pricing strategy of closed-loop supply chain, and compared with the case in which manufacturer is completely rational. Sensitivity analysis of fairness concerns coefficient is also performed. Finally, an example analysis verifies the related conclusions.(3) Study the influence of enterprise's risk aversion on carbon tax and manufacturer's decision problem of production and recycling under carbon tax policy(chapter 5). Three closed-loop supply chain models are established for collecting used products: manufacturer collecting, retailer collecting and the third-party collecting. This paper uses Stackelberg game method to analyze the optimal wholesale price, sales price, collecting price, consumer surplus, carbon emissions, social welfare and the optimal carbon tax in the three kinds of collecting models, and then compares manufacturer's utility in those three collecting models, providing reference for manufacturer's choosing collecting channel. Finally, using the numerical example further verify the correctness of the model.(4) Study the influence of retailer's overconfidence in market demand on the decisions of closed-loop supply chain(chapter 6). A model of closed-loop supply chain is constructed which consists of a manufacturer and a retailer. By introducing a mean-increasing and variance-decreasing transformation to depict the decision-maker's overconfidence, this paper buildes three types of decision model in which the retailer is completely rational, the manufacturer considers or don't consider the retailer's overconfidence behavior. Finally, example analysis is studied to analyze the effect of mean and variance overconfidence coefficient on wholesale price, recovery rate of waste products, order quantity and profits in three circumstances, and its significance in the management is explored.