Research On The Influence Mechanism Of Intergenerational Income Mobility Of Chinese Residents

China's reform and opening-up policy,which began in 1978,has contributed to the rapid growth of China's economy and its residents' income.While the economic get great achievements,China's income gap has been widened.The Gini coefficient has long been on the threshold of the income distribution gap,which is a hindrance to China's rapid economic growth.However,the Gini coefficient only reflects one aspect of the income gap,which can only measure the income gap between the same generations,but it cannot reflect the transfer of income gap between two generations.In fact,the income gap between China's residents has also been at a higher level in recent years.The continuous fermentation of "poor second generation","official second generation" and "second generation of migrant workers" also indicates that the transfer of income gap between generations has aroused high concern.The income gap of parent,which passes to their children,would lead offspring to the unfair of opportunity.This further increases the income gap between generations,and makes the poor go into the vicious circle from temporary poverty to permanent poverty.Economists generally use the index of intergenerational income mobility to measure the income gap between generations.Intergenerational income mobility reflects the extent to which the parent income affects the income of the offspring.Higher intergenerational income mobility means that the offspring income is less affected by the parent,and the income of the children of poor families has the opportunity of full upward mobility.Children of poor families have the full opportunity of upward mobility.Lower intergenerational income mobility shows that the income of offspring is highly influenced by the income of their fathers,poor families have lower chances of upward mobility.Existing research shows that the influence of intergenerational income mobility mainly includes two kinds of mechanism,which are human capital and social capital.On the one hand,By means of human.capital investment such as education of its children,the income level of the offspring is influenced by their parent;On the other hand,the parent affects the generation of employment through its own social capital.It is often thought that opportunity inequality is more intolerable than result inequality.As a result,to create a system environment with fair competition opportunities for the citizens,and to reduce the influence of the father on the income of the children,to make the children of poor families have more opportunities to move upward,it is necessary to recognize the influence mechanism of China's intergenerational income mobility and to judge the effect degree of influence mechanism.On this basis,some existing policies are tested to provide some reference for the improvement of intergenerational income mobility.The main work in this paper mainly includes the following three aspects:First,the paper systematically combed the relevant research on the intergenerational income mobility,especially the theoretical analysis of the influence mechanism of intergenerational income mobility.Using data from China household income survey(CHIP)2013,the impact mechanism of intergenerational income mobility was examined from two perspectives:social capital and human capital,and the existence of these two mechanisms is confirmed.The study found that the family income was positively correlated with the education years of the offspring,and the family income level increased by 1 percent,and the children's education years were increased by 0.01 years;When the average per capita income of the family increased by 1%,the probability that the family's subjective self-assessment "good" would increase by 0.36%.The greater the social capital of the parent,the offspring has a higher chance of entering the state-owned units and the high income industries.At the same time,the social scale of the father was also significantly correlated with the opportunity for the offspring to gain a higher professional status.Secondly,this paper also uses the 2013 data of the Chinese household income survey(CHIP)to measure the current generation of Chinese intergenerational income mobility,and compares the urban and rural areas and regional samples.In addition,on the basis of the measure of intergenerational income mobility,through intermediate variable,this paper decomposed the intergenerational income mobility mechanism of human capital and social capital in order to get the identification of intergenerational income mobility in the main contribution of the two ways.The study found that the overall intergenerational income elasticity coefficient of China's urban and rural residents was about 0.23.The income elasticity of urban families is significantly higher than that of rural families,and the families in the eastern regions are significantly higher than those in the Midwestern regions.The correlation degree of father and son's income is higher than that of the income of the father and daughter.With the increase of the income quantile,the intergenerational income elasticity decreases and then increases as the u-shape trend.The two approaches of human capital and social capital account for 20.45%of the elasticity coefficient of the total sample generation.Human capital and social capital account for about 18%and 2.26%respectively,and human capital is the main means of intergenerational income transfer.About the influence mechanism of intergenerational income elasticity can explain,the proportion of urban residents is significantly higher than rural residents,the eastern region was significantly higher in the residents,the western region.Thirdly,based on the analysis of the influence factors of intergenerational income mobility,this paper tries to examine the effect of public education expenditure on intergenerational income mobility on different levels.It was found that the government's public education expenditure in high school and college reduced the influence of the parent on the income of the offspring,and promoted the increase in the degree of intergenerational income mobility;However,the current stage of public education expenditure in primary and secondary schools does not reduce the generation of intergenerational income mobility but promote of intergenerational income mobility has a weak hindrance to some extent.The innovation of this paper is mainly reflected in the following aspects:Firstly,the research on the influence mechanism of intergenerational income mobility in foreign countries focuses on human capital,while the literature from the perspective of social capital is very scarce.Although the relative impact of human capital and social capital on intergenerational income mobility is also broken down in China,there is a lack of literature on the above two mechanisms.This paper uses data to examine the influence mechanism of human capital and social capital on intergenerational income mobility.Secondly,this paper integrates human capital and social capital into the same framework in the process of decomposing generational income mobility,and the effect of these two mechanisms on intergenerational income mobility is quantified,their relative importance is also compared.The comparative analysis of urban and rural areas and regional samples is conducted.It has enriched the existing research on the decomposition of the influence mechanism of intergenerational income mobility,which may be the second innovation of this paper.Finally,in the test of policy for promoting the intergenerational income mobility,this paper distinguishes between various levels of public education expenditure,and examines the differences in their impact on the residents of intergenerational income mobility.It provides a possible basis for the government to formulate policies to effectively promote intergenerational income mobility.That could be the third small innovation.