Scheme On Boson Sampling With Ultracold Atoms In Optical Lattice

Strongly correlated many-body quantum systems are complicated for physical is-sues.Quantum simulation is a new method for studying many-body physics by us-ing controlled quantum systems.It is expected to be pertinent in solid state physics.Specially,ultracold atoms in optical lattice with the high-resolution imaging system is ideally for studying these complex issues.This dissertation reports the experiment of quantum phase transition from the su-perfluid to Mott insulator of the 87Rb atoms in the two-dimensional optical lattice sys-tem,and demonstrates the techniques and feasibility of the boson sampling experiment in the optical lattice system.At first,we prepared a Bose-Einstein Condensate quantum gas from 87Rb atoms and loaded them into 2D optical lattice system with the lattice constant of 532 nm.Secondly,by increasing the potential of the optical lattice adiabati-cally,we observed the quantum phase transition from superfluid states to Mott insulator states,and obtained the atoms with single-site occupancy.We have a high-resolution imaging system with a high numerical aperture.The fluorescence imaging gave us the in-situ information of ultracold atoms.Based on the capabilities of single-site imaging and manipulation,this dissertation proposes a framework for Boson sampling in many-particle system by using Hong-Ou-Mandel interference effect in the ultracold atoms.The design of the superlattice system can promote the capability to control the spin exchange and to prepare the entanglement states,which lays the important foundations for the experiments in the future.